{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:19:55Z","timestamp":1793042395201,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyzszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DI2016 007346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DI2016 007346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent evidence suggests that tryptophan, an essential amino acid, may exert biological effects by means of tryptophan-derived gut bacteria products. We evaluated the potential contribution of tryptophan-derived bacterial metabolites to body weight gain. The study comprised three experimental series performed on separate groups of male, Sprague-Dawley rats: (i) rats on standard laboratory diet treated with water solution of neomycin, an antibiotic, or tap water (controls-1); (ii) rats on standard diet (controls-2) or tryptophan-high (TH) or tryptophan-free (TF) diet; and (iii) rats treated with indole-3-propionic acid (I3P), a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan, or a vehicle (controls-3). (i) Rats treated with neomycin showed a significantly higher weight gain but lower stool and blood concentration of I3P than controls-1. (ii) The TH group showed significantly smaller increases in body weight but higher stool and plasma concentration of I3P than controls-2. In contrast, the TF group showed a decrease in body weight, decreased total serum protein and a significant increase in urine output. (iii) Rats treated with I3P showed significantly smaller weight gain than controls-3. Our study suggests that I3P, a gut bacteria metabolite of tryptophan, contributes to changes in body weight gain produced by antibiotics and tryptophan-rich diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1552362571000},"page":"591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Tryptophan-Derived Bacterial Metabolite, Reduces Weight Gain in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Konopelski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3914-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Konop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Gawrys-Kopczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Podsadni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6010-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szczepanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0088-8284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Ufnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21771","article-title":"Biological control of appetite: A daunting complexity","volume":"25","author":"MacLean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.014","article-title":"Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control","volume":"95","author":"Andermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511000110","article-title":"Early high-sodium solid diet does not affect sodium intake, sodium preference, blood volume and blood pressure in adult Wistar-Kyoto rats","volume":"106","author":"Ufnal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. 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