{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:35:59Z","timestamp":1760240159282,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Little is known about the growth patterns of low birth weight neonates (&lt;2500 g) during standardized thermal control and nutrition regulation to meet basal metabolism requirements compared to those of non-low birth weight neonates (2500 g and above). We retrospectively identified 10,544 non-low birth weight and 681 low birth weight neonates placed in thermo-controlled incubators for up to 24 h after birth. All neonates were fed a 5% glucose solution 1 h after birth and breastfed every 3 h (with supplementary formula milk if applicable) to meet basal metabolism requirements. Maximum body-weight loss (%), percentage body-weight loss from birth to peak weight loss (%\/day), and percentage body-weight gain from peak weight loss to day 4 (%\/day) were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Overall, the growth curves showed a uniform J-shape across all birth weight categories, with a low mean maximum body-weight loss (1.9%) and incidence of neonatal jaundice (0.3%). The body-weight loss patterns did not differ between the two groups. However, low birth weight neonates showed significantly faster growth patterns for percentage body-weight gain: \u03b2 = 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.58). Under thermal control and nutrition regulation, low birth weight neonates might not have disadvantages in clinical outcomes or growth patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1552362571000},"page":"592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Growth Patterns of Neonates Treated with Thermal Control in Neutral Environment and Nutrition Regulation to Meet Basal Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shiro","family":"Kubota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kubota Life Science Laboratory Co., Ltd., Saga 840-0535, Japan"},{"name":"Kubota Maternity Clinic, Fukuoka 810-0014, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7616-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Zaitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kubota Maternity Clinic, Fukuoka 810-0014, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Fukuoka Mirai Hospital, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0708376","article-title":"Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice","volume":"358","author":"Maisels","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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