{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:21:04Z","timestamp":1791890464445,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its main constituents, i.e., crocin and crocetin, are natural carotenoid compounds, which have been reported to possess a wide spectrum of properties and induce pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective effects. An increasing number of experimental, animal, and human studies have investigated the effects and mechanistic pathways of these compounds in order to assess their potential therapeutic use in ocular diseases (e.g., in age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic maculopathy). This narrative review presents the key findings of published clinical studies that examined the effects of saffron and\/or its constituents in the context of ocular disease, as well as an overview of the proposed underlying mechanisms mediating these effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T12:18:53Z","timestamp":1552911533000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Ocular Diseases: A Narrative Review of the Existing Evidence from Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rebekka","family":"Heitmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kyrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"},{"name":"WISDEM, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Translational &amp; Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70113-X","article-title":"Vision Loss Expert Group. 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