{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:03:24Z","timestamp":1787666604521,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered immunonutrients and are commonly used in the nutritional therapy of cancer patients due to their ample biological effects. Omega-3 PUFAs play essential roles in cell signaling and in the cell structure and fluidity of membranes. They participate in the resolution of inflammation and have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. Additionally, they can act as agonists of G protein-coupled receptors, namely, GPR40\/FFA1 and GPR120\/FFA4. Cancer patients undergo complications, such as anorexia-cachexia syndrome, pain, depression, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Interestingly, the 2017 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines for cancer patients only discuss the use of omega-3 PUFAs for cancer-cachexia treatment, leaving aside other cancer-related complications that could potentially be managed by omega-3 PUFA supplementation. This critical review aimed to discuss the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-related complications. Data compilation in this critical review indicates that further investigation is still required to assess the factual benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-associated illnesses. Nevertheless, preclinical evidence reveals that omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites might modulate pivotal pathways underlying complications secondary to cancer, indicating that this is a promising field of knowledge to be explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11050945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T07:52:59Z","timestamp":1556265179000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, PUCRS, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina e Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Escola de Medicina, PUCRS, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, PUCRS, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina e Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Escola de Medicina, PUCRS, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Odontologia, Escola de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, PUCRS, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/28.9.958","article-title":"Fatty Acid composition of the plasma lipids in Greenland Eskimos","volume":"28","author":"Dyerberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. 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