{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:24:19Z","timestamp":1780431859258,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Since haemodialysis is a lifesaving therapy, adequate control measures are necessary to evaluate its adequacy and to constantly adjust the dose to reduce hospitalisation and prolong patient survival. Malnutrition is common in haemodialysis patients and closely related to morbidity and mortality. Patients undergoing haemodialysis have a high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition and inflammation, along with abnormal iron status. The haemodialysis dose delivered is an important predictor of patient outcome. Aim: To evaluate through haemodialysis adequacy, which parameter(s), if any, better predict Kt\/V, among those used to assess nutritional status, inflammation response, and iron status. Methods: We retrospectively studied 78 patients undergoing haemodialysis due to end-stage renal disease. As parameters of nutritional status, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), transferrin levels, lymphocyte count, and albumin concentration were analysed. As signs of inflammation, C reactive protein (CRP) levels and ferritin concentrations were studied as well. Iron status was evaluated by both transferrin and ferritin levels, as well as by haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Results: The core finding of our retrospective study is that transferrin levels predict the adequacy of haemodialysis expressed as Kt\/V; the latter is the only predictor (P = 0.001) when adjusting for CRP concentrations, a solid marker of inflammation, and for ferritin levels considered an iron-storage protein, but also a parameter of inflammatory response. Discussion and Conclusion: In keeping with the results of this study, we underline that the use of transferrin levels to assess haemodialysis quality combine into a single test the evaluation of the three most important factors of protein-energy wasting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T11:05:07Z","timestamp":1558350307000},"page":"1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Do Transferrin Levels Predict Haemodialysis Adequacy in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7751-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Vinciguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, \u201cSanta Maria Delle Grazie\u201d Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Ragosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatients Clinic of Hemohaemodialysis Dial Center s.r.l., Pomigliano D\u2019Arco, 80038 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Citro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, \u201cUmberto I\u201d Hospital, Nocera Inferiore, 84014 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Conforti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Naples, \u201cFederico II\u201d University, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatients Clinic of Hemohaemodialysis Dial Center s.r.l., Pomigliano D\u2019Arco, 80038 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniello","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Center Kappa s.r.l., Pomigliano D\u2019Arco, 80038 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Barretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Center Kappa s.r.l., Pomigliano D\u2019Arco, 80038 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Balsano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health &amp; Environmental Sciences-MESVA, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Care Department of Public health and Drug Use, Section of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, \u201cFederico II\u201d University, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Kidney Foundation (2015). 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