{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:45:16Z","timestamp":1790016316026,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","award":["20170297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170297"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ecklonia cava, an edible marine brown alga (Laminariaceae), is a rich source of phlorotannins. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Ecklonia cava ethanol extract (ECE, dieckol 10.6%, w\/w) on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 were decreased by more than half on treatment with 100 \u03bcg\/mL ECE. Downregulated tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, and IL-6 gene expression confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of ECE. ECE treatment upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by 6.3-fold and increased HO-1\/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) signaling decreased nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) translocation. ECE administration (400 mg\/kg) significantly reduced gingival index, restricted tooth mobility, and prevented alveolar bone loss (p &lt; 0.05). These beneficial effects were due to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, IL-1\u03b2 production, and matrix metalloproteinase expression in gingival tissues. The ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand (RANKL)\/osteoprotegerin, a biomarker of periodontitis and osteolysis, was significantly decreased by ECE administration (p &lt; 0.05). Thus, ECE has potential therapeutic effects for the alleviation of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T03:22:03Z","timestamp":1558581723000},"page":"1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ecklonia cava Extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and a Periodontitis Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8315-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seonyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8362-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Im","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 01369, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gun-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 01369, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee-Young","family":"Imm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2089","article-title":"Systemic effects of periodontitis: Epidemiology of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease","volume":"76","author":"Beck","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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