{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:23:02Z","timestamp":1789597382013,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vegetarian diets have gained popularity in sports. However, few data exist on the status of micronutrients and related biomarkers for vegetarian and vegan athletes. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the micronutrient status of omnivorous (OMN, n = 27), lacto-ovo-vegetarian (LOV, n = 26), and vegan (VEG, n = 28) recreational runners. Biomarkers of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D, and iron were assessed. Additionally, serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and zinc were examined. Lifestyle factors and supplement intake were recorded via questionnaires. About 80% of each group showed vitamin B12 adequacy with higher levels in supplement users. Mean red blood cell folate exceeded the reference range (&gt;340 nmol\/L) in all three groups (OMN: 2213 \u00b1 444, LOV: 2236 \u00b1 596, and VEG: 2354 \u00b1 639 nmol\/L; not significant, n.s.). Furthermore, vitamin D levels were comparable (OMN: 90.6 \u00b1 32.1, LOV: 76.8 \u00b1 33.7, and VEG: 86.2 \u00b1 39.5 nmol\/L; n.s.), and we found low prevalence (&lt;20%) of vitamin D inadequacy in all three groups. Less than 30% of each group had depleted iron stores, however, iron deficiency anemia was not found in any subject. Our findings suggest that a well-planned, health-conscious lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan diet, including supplements, can meet the athlete\u2019s requirements of vitamin B12, vitamin D and iron.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T03:22:03Z","timestamp":1558581723000},"page":"1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Micronutrient Status of Recreational Runners with Vegetarian or Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4261-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefine","family":"Nebl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Philipp","family":"Schuchardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Wasserfurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5259-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Haufe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6429-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Eigendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Tegtbur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shils, M.E., and Shike, M. 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