{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:59:18Z","timestamp":1792202358572,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between obesity and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is inconclusive. To evaluate the association of obesity and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) with PUD risk, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 32,472 subjects without PUD at baseline who underwent repeated health examinations. Participants were stratified by body mass index (BMI) and metabolically healthy state. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard modelling. During the follow-up period, 1940 PUD cases occurred. PUD, particularly gastric ulcer (GU), had significantly higher cumulative incidence in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects (p value &lt; 0.001). The HR for developing GU was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.16\u20131.49; p value &lt;0.001); after adjusting for confounding factors (lifestyle, metabolic, and Helicobacter pylori status), the association was no more significant (p value = 0.789). For duodenal ulcer (DU), cumulative incidence between obese and non-obese groups was not significantly different (p value = 0.464). The risk of developing DU in the obese group was not significantly different from the non-obese group (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83\u20131.09; p value = 0.469) and consistently showed no association after adjusting for metabolic parameters (p value = 0.199). Furthermore, MHO subjects had no increase in GU or DU risks. In this large cohort study, PUD risk was not associated with obesity or MHO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T03:56:31Z","timestamp":1559879791000},"page":"1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jeung Hui","family":"Pyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4271-7205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang Won","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Hoon","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Haeng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poong Lyul","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyunga","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60938-7","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease","volume":"374","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0393","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease today","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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