{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T09:33:26Z","timestamp":1775208806111,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]],"date-time":"2019-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201507650002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201507650002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0D4815N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0D4815N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The use of linked data in the Semantic Web is a promising approach to add value to nutrition research. An ontology, which defines the logical relationships between well-defined taxonomic terms, enables linking and harmonizing research output. To enable the description of domain-specific output in nutritional epidemiology, we propose the Ontology for Nutritional Epidemiology (ONE) according to authoritative guidance for nutritional epidemiology. Methods: Firstly, a scoping review was conducted to identify existing ontology terms for reuse in ONE. Secondly, existing data standards and reporting guidelines for nutritional epidemiology were converted into an ontology. The terms used in the standards were summarized and listed separately in a taxonomic hierarchy. Thirdly, the ontologies of the nutritional epidemiologic standards, reporting guidelines, and the core concepts were gathered in ONE. Three case studies were included to illustrate potential applications: (i) annotation of existing manuscripts and data, (ii) ontology-based inference, and (iii) estimation of reporting completeness in a sample of nine manuscripts. Results: Ontologies for \u201cfood and nutrition\u201d (n = 37), \u201cdisease and specific population\u201d (n = 100), \u201cdata description\u201d (n = 21), \u201cresearch description\u201d (n = 35), and \u201csupplementary (meta) data description\u201d (n = 44) were reviewed and listed. ONE consists of 339 classes: 79 new classes to describe data and 24 new classes to describe the content of manuscripts. Conclusion: ONE is a resource to automate data integration, searching, and browsing, and can be used to assess reporting completeness in nutritional epidemiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T03:16:51Z","timestamp":1560136611000},"page":"1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["An Ontology to Standardize Research Output of Nutritional Epidemiology: From Paper-Based Standards to Linked Content"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9202-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Ambayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3876-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"De Baets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kolsteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-1088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattapon","family":"Thanintorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Hawwash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jildau","family":"Bouwman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, NL-2509 Zeist, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoon","family":"Bronselaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and information processing, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Pattyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONTOFORCE, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1389-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"Lachat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Willett, W. 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