{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:16:52Z","timestamp":1790295412982,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physiological decline of lactase production in adulthood, in some individuals, is responsible for the so-called \u201cLactose Intolerance.\u201d This clinical syndrome presents with gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms following the consumption of dairy containing food. Lactose intolerance can be evaluated by means of the Lactose Breath Test (phenotype) and\/or genetic evaluation of lactase-gene polymorphism (genotype). A comparison of the two tests was carried out in a large number of symptomatic adult subjects, which are selected and not representative of the general population. Congruency was as high as 88.6%. Among lactase non-persistent (genotype C\/C), 14 subjects showed a negative Lactose Breath Test (LBT), possibly due to young age. Among lactase-persistent (genotype C\/T), four subjects showed a positive LBT, which helps to diagnose secondary lactose intolerance. Symptoms, both gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal, were reported by 90% of patients during the breath test. Clinical use of both tests in the same patients could be taken into consideration as a sharp diagnostic tool. We suggest considering the use of the genetic test after LBT administration, when secondary hypolactasia is suspected, for completion of diagnostic procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T10:49:59Z","timestamp":1561027799000},"page":"1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Congruency of Genetic Predisposition to Lactase Persistence and Lactose Breath Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Enza","family":"Coluccia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Iardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Clinic and Molecular Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Lisa","family":"Brigida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Formicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Diagnostics Consultant, 80053 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"De Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Pucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAI di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, AOU, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Riegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"De Magistris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2005.02.003","article-title":"Adult-type hypolactasia and regulation of lactase expression","volume":"1723","author":"Troelsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim. 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