{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:15:26Z","timestamp":1791936926534,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Catalan Government","award":["2014SGR756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014SGR756"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Government","award":["2017SGR1085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SGR1085"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Government","award":["2017SGR733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SGR733"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Government","award":["SLT006\/17\/76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT006\/17\/76"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI08\/1770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI08\/1770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI08\/0533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI08\/0533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI08\/1359,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI08\/1359,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PS09\/00773-Cantabria"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS09\/00773-Cantabria"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation and antioxidant capacity have been associated with colorectal and breast cancer. We computed the dietary inflammatory index (DII\u00ae), and the total dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and associated them with colorectal and breast cancer risk in the population-based multi case-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain). We included 1852 colorectal cancer and 1567 breast cancer cases, and 3447 and 1486 population controls, respectively. DII score and NEAC were derived using data from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for energy-adjusted DII (E-DII), and a score combining E-DII and NEAC. E-DII was associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.93, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI:1.60\u20132.32; p-trend: &lt;0.001); this increase was observed for both colon and rectal cancer. Less pronounced increased risks were observed for breast cancer (OR = 1.22, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI:0.99\u20131.52, p-trend: &gt;0.10). The combined score of high E-DII scores and low antioxidant values were associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.48, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI: 1.26\u20131.74; p-trend: &lt;0.001), but not breast cancer. This study provides evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased colorectal cancer risk while findings for breast cancer were less consistent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1561118071000},"page":"1406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity, and Colorectal and Breast Cancer Risk (MCC-Spain Study)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Ob\u00f3n-Santacana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L\u2019Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical 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Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), Columbia, SC 29201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), Columbia, SC 29201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5150-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adonina","family":"Tard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4468-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Casta\u00f1o-Vinyals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research 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Alcal\u00e1 de Henares University, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M\u00aa","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trinidad","family":"Dierssen-Sotos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria\u2014IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"G\u00f3mez-Acebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria\u2014IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5113-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Molina-Barcel\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO\u2014Public Health; 46020 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Poll\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cancer &amp; Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Health of Madrid, Cancer Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolis","family":"Kogevinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L\u2019Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Amiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, 20003 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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