{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:15:53Z","timestamp":1785194153892,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP16H01811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16H01811"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP18K11139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K11139"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucose\/fructose in beverages\/foods containing high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) are metabolized to glyceraldehyde (GA) in the liver. We previously reported that GA-derived advanced glycation end-products (toxic AGEs, TAGE) are generated and may induce the onset\/progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We revealed that the generation of TAGE in the liver and serum TAGE levels were higher in NAFLD patients than in healthy humans. Although we propose the intracellular generation of TAGE in the normal liver, there is currently no evidence to support this, and the levels of TAGE produced have not yet been measured. In the present study, male Wister\/ST rats that drank normal water or 10% HFCS 55 (HFCS beverage) were maintained for 13 weeks, and serum TAGE levels and intracellular TAGE levels in the liver were analyzed. Rats in the HFCS group drank 127.4 mL of the HFCS beverage each day. Serum TAGE levels and intracellular TAGE levels in the liver both increased in the HFCS group. A positive correlation was observed between intracellular TAGE levels in the liver and serum TAGE levels. On the other hand, in male Wister\/ST rats that drank Lactobacillus beverage for 12 weeks\u2014a commercial drink that contains glucose, fructose, and sucrose\u2014 no increases were observed in intracellular TAGE or serum TAGE levels. Intracellular TAGE were generated in the normal rat liver, and their production was promoted by HFCS, which may increase the risk of NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1563331443000},"page":"1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Evidence for Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products Generated in the Normal Rat Liver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanobu","family":"Takata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1258-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Sakasai-Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Takino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1057-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx518","article-title":"Fructose metabolism, cardiometabolic risk, and the epidemic of coronary artery disease","volume":"39","author":"Mirtschink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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