{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:06:06Z","timestamp":1791925566432,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Oral supplementation of anserine\/carnosine helps preserve cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition between cognitive-normal and dementia. Therefore, it needs to investigate whether anserine\/carnosine supplementation (ACS) has effects on subjects with MCI. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial was performed. Fifty-four subjects with MCI were randomized to an active group ingesting 750 mg of anserine and 250 mg of carnosine per day or a placebo (1:1). Evaluation of cognitive change was conducted utilizing a psychometric test battery. Results: The score improvement in the global Clinical Dementia Rating (gloCDR) was superior in the active group than placebo (p = 0.023). No beneficial effect in the active group was detected in the other psychometric tests including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). When APOE4 positive (APOE4 (+)) or negative (APOE4 (-)) subjects were separately analyzed, beneficial change in the APOE4 (+) subjects was observed in MMSE (p = 0.025) as well as in gloCDR (p = 0.026). Conclusions: The present study might suggest that protective effects against cognitive decline in APOE4 (+) MCI subjects exist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T11:25:12Z","timestamp":1563362712000},"page":"1626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Effects of Anserine\/Carnosine Supplementation on Mild Cognitive Impairment with APOE4"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nobutaka","family":"Masuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences edu., Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitose","family":"Yoshimine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences edu., Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences edu., Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Functions Laboratory, Inc., Yokohama 230-0046, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Asada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Clinic Ochanomizu, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku -ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Hisatsune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences edu., Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). 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