{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:20:31Z","timestamp":1788877231633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Area of Tampere University Hospital","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Maire Rossi Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010129","name":"Maud Kuistila Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mary and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Paolo Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltonen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005744","name":"Foundation for Pediatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence and associated factors of daily life restrictions due to a gluten-free diet in adult celiac disease patients diagnosed in childhood are poorly known. We investigated these issues by collecting the medical data of 955 pediatric patients and sending questionnaires evaluating various health outcomes to the 559 patients who had reached adulthood. Of the 231 respondents, 46% reported everyday life restrictions caused by dietary treatment. Compared with those without restrictions, they more often had anemia at diagnosis (37% vs. 22%, p = 0.014), but the groups were comparable in other diagnostic features. In adulthood, patients with restrictions reported more overall symptoms (32% vs. 17%, p = 0.006), although the symptoms measured with the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire were comparable. Despite strict dietary adherence in both groups, the experience of restrictions was associated with dietary challenges (34% vs. 9%, p &lt; 0.001), health concerns (22% vs. 13%, p = 0.050), and lower vitality scores in the Psychological General Well-Being questionnaire. The groups did not differ in their current age, socioeconomic status, family history of celiac disease, general health or health-related lifestyle, the presence of co-morbidities, or regular follow up. Our results encourage healthcare professionals to discuss the possible health concerns and dietary challenges with patients to avoid unnecessary daily life restrictions, especially when young patients start to take responsibility for their treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T08:45:39Z","timestamp":1564130739000},"page":"1718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Daily Life Restrictions are Common and Associated with Health Concerns and Dietary Challenges in Adult Celiac Disease Patients Diagnosed in Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Heini","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kivel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja-Leena","family":"L\u00e4hdeaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Kaukinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Celiac Disease Research Center, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Kurppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"The University Consortium of Sein\u00e4joki, 60320 Sein\u00e4joki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global prevalence of celiac disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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