{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:09:27Z","timestamp":1777003767169,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea","award":["grant number KSN1812221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number KSN1812221"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In traditional oriental medicine, the fruit of Forsythia suspensa has been used as a nutritional supplement to alleviate inflammation and treat gastrointestinal diseases. However, there is no information available on its beneficial effects on bone. We investigated the beneficial effects of F. suspensa water extract (WFS) on osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. The microarchitecture of trabecular bone was analyzed by micro-computed tomography. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated based on tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase activity, and bone resorption activity was examined on a bone-like mineral surface. The mechanism of action of WFS was assessed by evaluating the expression and activation of signaling molecules. Phytochemical constituents were identified and quantitated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. WFS reduced ovariectomy-induced trabecular bone loss and inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and resorption activity. WFS suppressed RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1, a crucial transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation by decreasing c-Fos protein levels and suppressing the activation of p38 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase. We also identified 12 phytochemicals in WFS including lignans, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids. Collectively, these results suggest that WFS inhibits osteoclast differentiation and can potentially be used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T11:05:32Z","timestamp":1565262332000},"page":"1831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Forsythia suspensa Protects against Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4959-2436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn-Hwan","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon-A","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taesoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunil","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X16670154","article-title":"Bone modeling and remodeling: Potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"8","author":"Langdahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. 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