{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:41:39Z","timestamp":1778802099139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) in women with reproductive problems. A systematic review of English published articles until June 2019 was performed in PubMed and Scopus using the terms: (infertility and (coeliac disease OR gluten) OR (miscarriage and (coeliac disease OR gluten) OR (abortion and (coeliac disease OR gluten). All articles showing numerical data of anti-transglutaminase type 2 or anti-endomisium antibodies, or intestinal biopsy information were included. The study group comprised women with overall infertility, unexplained infertility, or recurrent spontaneous abortions. Two authors independently performed data extraction using a predefined data sheet. The initial search yielded 310 articles, and 23 were selected for data extraction. After meta-analysis, the pooled seroprevalence was very similar for overall and unexplained infertility, with a pooled proportion of around 1.3%\u20131.6%. This implies three times higher odds of having CD in infertility when compared to controls. The pooled prevalence could not be accurately calculated due to the small sample sizes. Further studies with increased sample sizes are necessary before giving specific recommendations for CD screening in women with reproductive problems, but current data seem to support a higher risk of CD in these women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T11:19:06Z","timestamp":1566386346000},"page":"1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence of Coeliac Disease in Women with Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de investigaci\u00f3n en Gen\u00e9tica de enfermedades complejas, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"G\u00f3mez-Gordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Vascular y Microbiota, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de investigaci\u00f3n en Gen\u00e9tica de enfermedades complejas, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de investigaci\u00f3n en Gen\u00e9tica de enfermedades complejas, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)90572-6","article-title":"Coeliac infertility: An indication for dietary gluten restriction?","volume":"1","author":"Morris","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"718","article-title":"Celiac disease and pregnancy outcome","volume":"91","author":"Ciacci","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000052881","article-title":"Celiac disease: Fertility and pregnancy","volume":"51","author":"Eliakim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Investig."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903508902","article-title":"Coeliac disease and reproductive disorders","volume":"45","author":"Ozgor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.025","article-title":"Women with celiac disease present with fertility problems no more often than women in the general population","volume":"147","author":"Dhalwani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.53.1.149","article-title":"Undiagnosed coeliac disease does not appear to be associated with unfavourable outcome of pregnancy","volume":"53","author":"Greco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.219030","article-title":"A nationwide population-based study to determine whether coeliac disease is associated with infertility","volume":"59","author":"Zugna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.3.382","article-title":"Infertility and coeliac disease","volume":"39","author":"Collin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02818684","article-title":"The serologic screening for celiac disease in the general population (blood donors) and in some high-risk groups of adults (patients with autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis and infertility) in the Czech Republic","volume":"47","author":"Vancikova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol. (Praha)"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.11.005","article-title":"Latent celiac disease in reproductive performance of women","volume":"95","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.3.286","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: A large multicenter study","volume":"163","author":"Fasano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"199","article-title":"Increased prevalence of celiac disease in patients with unexplained infertility in the United States","volume":"56","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei314","article-title":"Serological testing for celiac disease in women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques","volume":"21","author":"Tiboni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"40","article-title":"Meta: An R Package for Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6029.215-a","article-title":"Subclinical coeliac disease and infertility","volume":"2","author":"Wilson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08218.x","article-title":"Screening for coeliac disease in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage or infertility","volume":"106","author":"Kolho","year":"1999","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.11.2759","article-title":"The prevalence of coeliac disease in infertility","volume":"14","author":"Meloni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00592.x","article-title":"Infertility and celiac disease: Do we need more than one serological marker?","volume":"83","author":"Shamaly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00349.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies in Argentine women with recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"55","author":"Bustos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.053","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in a cohort of women with unexplained infertility","volume":"89","author":"Jackson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.615858","article-title":"Screening for unrecognized coeliac disease in subfertile couples","volume":"46","author":"Roos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01518.x","article-title":"Fertility disorder associated with celiac disease in males and females: Fact or fiction?","volume":"37","author":"Khoshbaten","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.09.006","article-title":"Celiac disease serum markers and recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"100","author":"Sharshiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"61","article-title":"Undiagnosed celiac disease in women with infertility","volume":"58","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.0123","article-title":"Is there any relationship between unrecognized Celiac disease and unexplained infertile couples?","volume":"26","author":"Karaca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/15513815.2017.1346018","article-title":"The Association Between Serological Markers of Celiac Disease and Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss","volume":"36","author":"Sarikaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fetal Pediatr. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"659","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease among iranian couples with unexplained infertility: A prospective study","volume":"62","author":"Sabzevari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.07.008","article-title":"Unexplained Infertility and Undiagnosed Celiac Disease: Study of a Multiethnic Canadian Population","volume":"40","author":"Gunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.03.030","article-title":"Celiac disease is not more prevalent in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and does not affect reproductive outcomes with or without treatment: A large prospective cohort study","volume":"110","author":"Juneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618796750","article-title":"Unrecognised coeliac disease among men and women undergoing fertility treatment: A screening study","volume":"6","author":"Grode","year":"2018","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutteh, M.A., Abiad, M., Norman, G.L., and Kutteh, W.H. (2019). Comparison of celiac disease markers in women with early recurrent pregnancy loss and normal controls. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., e13127.","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13127"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.014","article-title":"The prevalence of celiac disease in average-risk and at-risk Western European populations: A systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Dube","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/11\/8\/1950\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:12:22Z","timestamp":1760188342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/11\/8\/1950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu11081950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11081950","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]}}}