{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:27:38Z","timestamp":1781720858743,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Norway Health Trust","award":["90265700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90265700"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Department of Health and Social Affairs","award":["(1997 - 2003)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(1997 - 2003)"]}]},{"name":"Astra Zeneca Norway AS","award":["(2000 - 2001)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2000 - 2001)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The role of dietary fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-PUFAs) in the primary prevention of allergic diseases remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the consumption of fish and cod liver oil (rich in n-PUFAs) from pregnancy to the first two years of life, and parental reported allergic diseases at six years of age. Methods: We used data from the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim study and included mother-infant pairs who had submitted questionnaires detailing both maternal or infant diet and allergic disease at six years of age. Results: Eating fish at least once a week at one year of age was associated with a 28%, 40% and 34% reduction in the odds of current eczema, asthma, and wheeze at six years of age. Cod liver oil consumption at least four times per week at one year of age tended to be associated with a lower risk of allergy-related outcomes at six years. We found no consistent associations between allergy-related outcomes and fish or cod liver oil consumption by mothers. Conclusion: The preventive effect of fish consumption is best achieved by increasing dietary fish in the first year of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11091969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T11:19:06Z","timestamp":1566386346000},"page":"1969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fish Consumption at One Year of Age Reduces the Risk of Eczema, Asthma and Wheeze at Six Years of Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Torbj\u00f8rn","family":"\u00d8ien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU\u2014Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Schjelvaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU\u2014Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Fr\u00f8ya General Practice (Fr\u00f8ya legekontor), 7260 Sistranda, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Storr\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU\u2014Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roar","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU\u2014Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2763-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU\u2014Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2012.03.001","article-title":"The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: A global synthesis","volume":"41","author":"Mallol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergol. 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