{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:09:23Z","timestamp":1790748563751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Development of obesity-associated comorbidities is related to chronic inflammation, which has been linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Thus, modulating gut microbiota composition could have positive effects for metabolic disorders, supporting the use of probiotics as potential therapeutics in vivo, which may be enhanced by a microencapsulation technique. Here we investigated the effects of non-encapsulated or pectin-encapsulated probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8\u00ae; L. casei W8) on gut microbiota composition and metabolic profile in high-fat (HF) diet-fed rats. Four male Wistar rat groups (n = 8\/group) were fed 10% low-fat, 45% HF, or HF with non-encapsulated or encapsulated L. casei W8 (4 \u00d7 107 CFU\/g diet) diet for seven weeks. Microbiota composition, intestinal integrity, inflammatory profiles, and glucose tolerance were assessed. Non-encapsulated and pectin-encapsulated probiotic supplementation positively modulated gut microbiota composition in HF-fed male rats. These changes were associated with improvements in gut barrier functions and local and systemic inflammation by non-encapsulated probiotics and improvement in glucose tolerance by encapsulated probiotic treatment. Thus, these findings suggest the potential of using oral non-encapsulated or encapsulated probiotic supplementation to ameliorate obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11091975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T10:15:07Z","timestamp":1566555307000},"page":"1975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Beneficial Effects of Non-Encapsulated or Encapsulated Probiotic Supplementation on Microbiota Composition, Intestinal Barrier Functions, Inflammatory Profiles, and Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Fed Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4825-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunhye","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kirkland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary I.","family":"Grunewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Wicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 101 LSU Union Square, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire B.","family":"de La Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.341","article-title":"Origins and evolution of the Western diet: Health implications for the 21st century","volume":"81","author":"Cordain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. 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