{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:25:49Z","timestamp":1781133949099,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL112985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL112985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000063","name":"Office of Dietary Supplements","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL112985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL112985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL112985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL112985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG024827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG024827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010559","name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Advisory Committee seed grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Advisory Committee seed grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007253","name":"Nancy Taylor Foundation for Chronic Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRG Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRG Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG030653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG030653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG041718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG041718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Associations between whole blood transcriptome and clinical phenotypes in vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children can provide insight into the biological effects of vitamin D and obesity. We determined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in relation to body mass index (BMI) in vitamin D-deficient black children with a BMI \u2265 85th percentile and ascertained the cardiometabolic phenotypes associated with the DEGs. We examined whole-blood transcriptome gene expression by RNA sequencing and cardiometabolic profiling in 41, 10- to 18-year-old children. We found 296 DEGs in association with BMI after adjusting for age, race, sex, and pubertal status. Cardiometabolic phenotypes associated with the BMI-related DEGs, after adjusting for age, sex, pubertal status, and %total body fat, were (i) flow-mediated dilation (marker of endothelial function), (ii) c-reactive protein (marker of inflammation), and (iii) leptin (adipocytokine). Canonical pathways of relevance for childhood obesity and its phenotypes that were significantly associated with the BMI-related DEGs affected immune cell function\/inflammation, vascular health, metabolic function, and cell survival\/death; several immune and inflammatory pathways overlapped across the three phenotypes. We have identified transcriptome-based biomarkers associated with BMI in vitamin D-deficient, overweight and obese black children. Modulating effects of vitamin D supplementation on these biomarkers and their related phenotypes need further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1566991398000},"page":"2016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gene Expression and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes of Vitamin D-Deficient Overweight and Obese Black Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kumaravel","family":"Rajakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshad T.","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Feingold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbe N.","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Yesim","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ilyas","family":"Kamboh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0670-x","article-title":"Adipose tissue inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Kohlgruber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. 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