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Generation of these ROS can be both beneficial and detrimental for many cellular functions. When overwhelming the antioxidant defense system, the excess of ROS induces oxidative stress. Viral infections lead to diseases characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, with oxidative stress being one of their hallmarks. In many cases, ROS can, in turn, enhance viral replication leading to an amplification loop. Another important parameter for viral replication and pathogenicity is the nutritional status of the host. Viral infection simultaneously increases the demand for micronutrients and causes their loss, which leads to a deficiency that can be compensated by micronutrient supplementation. Among the nutrients implicated in viral infection, selenium (Se) has an important role in antioxidant defense, redox signaling and redox homeostasis. Most of biological activities of selenium is performed through its incorporation as a rare amino acid selenocysteine in the essential family of selenoproteins. Selenium deficiency, which is the main regulator of selenoprotein expression, has been associated with the pathogenicity of several viruses. In addition, several selenoprotein members, including glutathione peroxidases (GPX), thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD) seemed important in different models of viral replication. Finally, the formal identification of viral selenoproteins in the genome of molluscum contagiosum and fowlpox viruses demonstrated the importance of selenoproteins in viral cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T03:22:36Z","timestamp":1567653756000},"page":"2101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":376,"title":["Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Guillin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) Unit\u00e9 U1111, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Vindry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) Unit\u00e9 U1111, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2001-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Th\u00e9ophile","family":"Ohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) Unit\u00e9 U1111, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Chavatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) Unit\u00e9 U1111, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61452-9","article-title":"Selenium and human health","volume":"379","author":"Rayman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02490-9","article-title":"The importance of selenium to human health","volume":"356","author":"Rayman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2013.12.007","article-title":"Selenium and selenocysteine: Roles in cancer, health, and development","volume":"39","author":"Hatfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. 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