{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T00:50:32Z","timestamp":1794358232159,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology CONACyT","award":["SALUD-2014-C01-233164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SALUD-2014-C01-233164"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepcidin regulates iron metabolism. Its synthesis increases in infection and decreases in iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency by levels of hepcidin in children. A total of 350 school-age children participated in this cross-sectional study. Determinations of serum ferritin, hemoglobin, hepcidin, C-reactive protein, and \u03b1-1-acid-glycoprotein were done. Active H. pylori infection was performed with a 13C-urea breath test. In schoolchildren without H. pylori infection, hepcidin was lower in those with iron deficiency compared to children with normal iron status (5.5 ng\/mL vs. 8.2 ng\/mL, p = 0.017); while in schoolchildren with H. pylori infection the levels of hepcidin tended to be higher, regardless of the iron nutritional status. Using multivariate analysis, the association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency was different by hepcidin levels. The association between H. pylori and iron deficiency was not significant for lower values of hepcidin (Odds Ratio = 0.17; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.02\u20131.44), while the same association was significant for higher values of hepcidin (OR = 2.84; CI 95% 1.32\u20136.09). This joint effect is reflected in the adjusted probabilities for iron deficiency: Individuals with H. pylori infection and higher levels of hepcidin had a probability of 0.24 (CI 95% 0.14\u20130.34) for iron deficiency, and this probability was 0.24 (CI 95% 0.14\u20130.33) in children without H. pylori infection and lower levels of hepcidin. In children with H. pylori infection and iron deficiency, the hepcidin synthesis is upregulated. The stimulus to the synthesis of hepcidin due to H. pylori infection is greater than the iron deficiency stimulus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:12:40Z","timestamp":1568002360000},"page":"2141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association between Active H. pylori Infection and Iron Deficiency Assessed by Serum Hepcidin Levels in School-Age Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico"},{"name":"Morphology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, 01135 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7630-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jord\u00e1n I.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, 01135 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elba","family":"Reyes Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, 01135 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6833-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Segundo","family":"Mor\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aar\u00f3n","family":"Salinas Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Evaluaci\u00f3n y Encuestas, INSP, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Homero","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Technical Services-NTEAM, Nutrition International, Ottawa, ON K2P 2K3, Canada"},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico \u201cFederico G\u00f3mez\u201d, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420945","article-title":"IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflamation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin","volume":"113","author":"Nemeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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