{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1790654512650,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italy\u2019s Ministry of Health and Lombardy\u2019s Regional Government Authority (Ministero della Salute e Regione Lombardia","award":["2011-02348234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-02348234"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Restrictive diets as gluten-free (GFD) or reduced in Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) are used to improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in sensitive individuals. Aiming at comparing the nutritional quality and effects of a regular GFD regimen (R-GFD) and a low-FODMAP GFD (LF-GFD), in 46 celiac patients with persistent GI symptoms we conducted a randomized, double-blind intervention-controlled study. Patients received a personalized diet, either a strict GFD (n = 21) or a LF-GFD (n = 25) for 21 days. A validated food-frequency questionnaire before intervention and a 7-day weighed-food record after the intervention assessed the diets. Patients were 41.1 \u00b1 10.1 years (mean \u00b1 SD), 94% women, with mean BMI 21.8 \u00b1 2.9 kg\/m2. On day 21, patients on R-GFD still showed poor nutritional adequacy compared to dietary recommendations, with decreased energy intake, even though an improvement in carbohydrates and folates was observed (all p &lt; 0.025). In both groups, intake of iron, calcium, vitamin D, sodium and folates did not meet daily recommendations. As expected, consumption of legumes and grains was lower and that of fruits was higher in the LF-GFD group than in the R-GFD one (all p &lt; 0.05). The nutritional quality of both diets was not different. When restrictive diets are useful to improve the persistent GI symptoms, careful nutritional surveillance and counseling is mandatory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T03:17:57Z","timestamp":1568603877000},"page":"2220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Impact of FODMAP Content Restrictions on the Quality of Diet for Patients with Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3759-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla A.","family":"Bascu\u00f1\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Medical School, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Elli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9178-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Scricciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Doneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"General Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, 7830490 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Roncoroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux068","article-title":"The 5 Ws of a gluten challenge for gluten-related disorders","volume":"76","author":"Roncoroni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. 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