{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:37:37Z","timestamp":1792586257846,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Data on micronutrient deficiency prevalence, nutrition status, and risk factors of anemia in The Gambia is scanty. To fill this data gap, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1354 children (0\u201359 months), 1703 non-pregnant women (NPW; 15\u201349 years), and 158 pregnant women (PW). The survey assessed the prevalence of under and overnutrition, anemia, iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Multivariate analysis was used to assess risk factors of anemia. Among children, prevalence of anemia, ID, IDA, and VAD was 50.4%, 59.0%, 38.2%, and 18.3%, respectively. Nearly 40% of anemia was attributable to ID. Prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and small head circumference was 15.7%, 10.6%, 5.8%, and 7.4%, respectively. Among NPW, prevalence of anemia, ID, IDA and VAD was 50.9%, 41.4%, 28.0% and 1.8%, respectively. Anemia was significantly associated with ID and vitamin A insufficiency. Median UIC in NPW and PW was 143.1 \u00b5g\/L and 113.5 ug\/L, respectively. Overall, 18.3% of NPW were overweight, 11.1% obese, and 15.4% underweight. Anemia is mainly caused by ID and poses a severe public health problem. To tackle both anemia and ID, programs such as fortification or supplementation should be intensified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T11:02:00Z","timestamp":1569236520000},"page":"2275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Micronutrient Deficiencies, Nutritional Status and the Determinants of Anemia in Children 0\u201359 Months of Age and Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in The Gambia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nicolai","family":"Petry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GroundWork, 7306 Fl\u00e4sch, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakary","family":"Jallow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nutrition Agency, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yankuba","family":"Sawo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momodou K.","family":"Darboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samba","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gambia Bureau of Statistics, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminatta","family":"Sarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pa Ousman","family":"Ceesay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gambia Bureau of Statistics, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malang N.","family":"Fofana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nutrition Agency, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5389-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0269-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Wegm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GroundWork, 7306 Fl\u00e4sch, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0579-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Rohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GroundWork, 7306 Fl\u00e4sch, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modou Cheyassin","family":"Phall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nutrition Agency, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4733-0379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GroundWork, 7306 Fl\u00e4sch, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevens, G.A., Finucane, M.M., De-Regil, L.M., Paciorek, C.J., Flaxman, S.R., Branca, F., Pe\u00f1a-Rosas, J.P., Bhutta, Z.A., Ezzati, M., and Nutrition Impact Model Study Group (2013). 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