{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:14:32Z","timestamp":1763018072429,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serum uric acid (SUA) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) are markers of the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, no study has investigated their role, simultaneously with nutritional factors, on the risk of mortality. We calculated the dietary uricaemia score (DUS) and the dietary atherogenic score (DAS) and evaluated their associations with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Data from the NHANES 1999\u20132010 study were used. Vital status through the 31 December 2011 was ascertained. Reduced rank regression models followed by stepwise linear regression analyses were applied on 39 macro\/micronutrients to identify a dietary pattern most predictive of SUA (DUS) and apoB (DAS). Overall, 20,256 participants were included (mean age: 47.5 years; 48.7% men). DUS consists of 14 contributors (eight positive, six negative), whereas DAS consists of 23 contributors (six positive, 17 negative). An increasing risk of cause-specific mortality was found across the quartiles (Q) of DUS, i.e., participants with the highest score of DUS (Q4) had a greater risk of all-cause (hazard ratio (HR): 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07\u20131.30), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.21\u20131.59) and cancer (HR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01\u20131.14) mortality compared with Q1. Similarly, participants at the highest DAS quartile had 25, 40 and 11% greater risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality, respectively, compared with Q1. For the first time, we reported an underlying shared link between two atherosclerosis factors (SUA and apoB) and nutrients, as well as their joint adverse impact on all-cause and cause-specific mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1569928276000},"page":"2323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association of Empirical Dietary Atherogenic Indices with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Multi-Ethnic Adult Population of the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mazidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Katsiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO 546 21Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri P.","family":"Mikhailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), NW3 2QG London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin A.","family":"Bart\u0142omiejczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9465-2581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60393-0","article-title":"Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis","volume":"377","author":"Beaglehole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1656-7","article-title":"Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990\u20132015: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"58","author":"Melaku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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