{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:12:00Z","timestamp":1787170320007,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]],"date-time":"2019-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","award":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03036247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03036247"]}]},{"name":"Leaders in INdustry-university Cooperation +\u201d Project, supported by the Ministry of Education and National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["LINC+"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LINC+"]}]},{"name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through the Agri-Bio industry Technology Development Program","award":["316027-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["316027-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the therapeutic potential of polymerized anthocyanin (PA) on a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model in mice. C57BL\/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish the NAFLD mouse model and randomly divided into four groups: control diet (con), NAFLD mice treated with saline (NAFLD), NAFLD mice treated with PA (PA), and NAFLD mice treated with orlistat (Orlistat) for four weeks. Mice were euthanized at the end of the four weeks. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were estimated, and pathological changes in the liver, white adipose tissue, and signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism were evaluated. Results revealed that the body, liver, and white fat weight of the NAFLD group was significantly increased compared to that of the con group, while that of the PA group showed significant reduction. NAFLD led to an increase in blood lipids in mice (except for HDL). Conversely, PA effectively reduced TC and LDL-C. Compared to the control group, the degree of steatosis in the mice of PA group was decreased. Moreover, PA also regulated the NAFLD signaling pathway. In agreement with improved lipid deposition, PA supplementation inhibited the activation of inflammatory pathways, depressing oxidative stress through increased antioxidant levels, and increasing \u03b2-oxidation to inhibit mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PA can improve the liver function of NAFLD mice, regulating blood lipids, reducing liver-fat accumulation, and regulating lipid metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T04:44:31Z","timestamp":1572237871000},"page":"2586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Efficacy and Mechanism of Polymerized Anthocyanin from Grape-Skin Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"},{"name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130-600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Mun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju 52733, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Pil","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical R and D Center, Kitto Life Co., Ltd., Pyeongtacek 17749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.185","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome: An update","volume":"14","author":"Rector","year":"2008","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422422","article-title":"Molecular mediators of hepatic steatosis and liver injury","volume":"114","author":"Browning","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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