{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:44:16Z","timestamp":1787067856711,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy","award":["SAF2014-56642-JIN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2014-56642-JIN"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy","award":["RYC-2017-21606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC-2017-21606"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Health","award":["PIE13\/00041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIE13\/00041"]}]},{"name":"Grupo Espa\u00f1ol de Trabajo en Enfermedad Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa","award":["GETECCU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GETECCU"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Community of Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Juventud y Deporte, Programa de Garant\u00eda Juvenil 2015 and 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Juventud y Deporte, Programa de Garant\u00eda Juvenil 2015 and 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sara Borrell fellowship CD17\/00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sara Borrell fellowship CD17\/00014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioactive peptides secreted by probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (peptide B7) and opportunistic pathogen Bacteroides fragilis (peptide B12) modulate the intestinal cytokine milieu in health. Here, we characterized their capacity to modulate both the mucosal cytokine production and the phenotype of circulating antigen presenting cells (APCs) in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD mucosa produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines referred to healthy controls (HCs). Peptides B7 and B12, however, did not ameliorate the mucosal cytokine milieu in IBD. Human circulating APCs (B-cells, monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs)) were characterized by flow cytometry in presence\/absence of the peptides. Circulating B-cells, monocytes, and cDCs from IBD patients were more activated than those from HCs. Peptide B7, but not B12, decreased CCR2 expression on all APC subsets from HC, but not IBD patients. Moreover, both peptides tend to further increase their pro-inflammatory profile in IBD. In summary, IBD patients display mucosal and circulating APC pro-inflammatory properties. Peptide B7 immunomodulatory capacity elicited over circulating APCs from HC, but not IBD patients, suggests the presence of disrupted modulatory mechanisms for this peptide in IBD. Future studies should address the effect of bacteria-derived immunomodulatory peptides in non-inflamed (quiescent) IBD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T06:33:29Z","timestamp":1572503609000},"page":"2605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Immunomodulatory Effect of Gut Microbiota-Derived Bioactive Peptides on Human Immune System from Healthy Controls and Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6893-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Tom\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia C.","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Ortega Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Baldan-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mora-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitor","family":"Lanas-Gimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Andr\u00e9s","family":"Moreno-Monteagudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de La 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