{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:50:52Z","timestamp":1788994252607,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"undefined  &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;undefined&lt;\/span&gt;","award":["0035273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0035273"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Iodine supplementation during pregnancy in areas with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is still debated. Methods: A single-center, randomized, single-blind and placebo-controlled (3:2) trial was conducted. We enrolled 90 women before 12 weeks of gestation. From enrollment up until 8 weeks after delivery, 52 women were given an iodine supplement (225 ug\/day, potassium iodide tablets) and 38 were given placebo. At recruitment (T0), in the second (T1) and third trimesters (T2), and 8 weeks after delivery (T3), we measured participants\u2019 urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI\/Creat), thyroid function parameters (thyroglobulin (Tg), TSH, FT3, and FT4), and thyroid volume (TV). The newborns\u2019 urinary iodine concentrations were evaluated in 16 cases. Results: Median UI\/Creat at recruitment was 53.3 ug\/g. UI\/Creat was significantly higher in supplemented women at T1 and T2. Tg levels were lower at T1 and T2 in women with UI\/Creat \u2265 150 ug\/g, and in the Iodine group at T2 (p = 0.02). There was a negative correlation between Tg and UI\/Creat throughout the study (p = 0.03, r = \u22120.1268). A lower TSH level was found in the Iodine group at T3 (p = 0.001). TV increased by +\u03947.43% in the Iodine group, and by +\u039411.17% in the Placebo group. No differences were found between the newborns\u2019 TSH levels on screening the two groups. Conclusion: Tg proved a good parameter for measuring iodine intake in our placebo-controlled series. Iodine supplementation did not prove harmful to pregnancy in areas of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, with no appreciable harmful effect on thyroid function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T04:13:08Z","timestamp":1572840788000},"page":"2639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Effects of Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy on Iodine Status, Thyroglobulin Levels and Thyroid Function Parameters: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in a Mild-to-Moderate Iodine Deficiency Area"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6946-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Censi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Watutantrige-Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Groccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2403-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Plebani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Faggian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Maria","family":"Mion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Andrisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, Salus Pueri, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Casaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Avogadro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Camilot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Regional Centre for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Congenital Endocrine Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Scaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7931-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loris","family":"Bertazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5821-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susi","family":"Barollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-8001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO: UNICEF, International Council for Control of Iodine Deficienc Disorders (2007). 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