{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:56:07Z","timestamp":1790110567844,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Few studies have examined the multifaceted aspects of fast food consumption and dietary patterns for their effects on obesity. We examined the independent associations of obesity with fast food consumption and dietary pattern in Korean adults using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. A total of 19,017 adults aged 19\u201364 years participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010\u20132014. Fast food items were removed from diet and then dietary patterns were generated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the odds of overweight\/obesity and central obesity according to fast food consumption and dietary patterns. Fast food consumers were about 10% of Korean adults. Both the \u201cWhite rice and kimchi\u201d pattern and \u201cMeat and alcohol\u201d pattern were associated with low intakes of fiber, calcium, vitamin C, grains, fruit, and milk (p &lt; 0.05). Fast food consumers had higher \u201cMeat and alcohol\u201d and \u201cGrains, fruit, and milk\u201d patterns, and they had a lower \u201cWhite rice and kimchi\u201d pattern than non-fast food-consumers. Fast food consumers were not associated with overweight\/obesity, whereas participants with the \u201cMeat and alcohol\u201d pattern had 14% higher overweight\/obesity (95% CI: 1.01, 1.28) and 16% higher central obesity (95% CI: 1.00, 1.34). Fast food consumption was not directly associated with obesity, whereas the \u201cMeat and alcohol\u201d pattern had independent associations with overweight\/obesity and central obesity among Korean adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1573636287000},"page":"2740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dietary Patterns Independent of Fast Food Are Associated with Obesity among Korean Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9389-8483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahleum","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6063-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hansongyi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaekyung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7632-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in 17104, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.13.1581","article-title":"Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period","volume":"161","author":"Field","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. 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