{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:51:24Z","timestamp":1760241084806,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland","award":["2014\/0066\/0223\/SubB\/DSW\/DZK\/JD; 2015\/0015\/0223\/SubB\/DSW\/DZK\/JD; 2016\/0005\/0223\/SubB\/DSW and 2016\/0267\/305\/Udot\/72\/DSW."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/0066\/0223\/SubB\/DSW\/DZK\/JD; 2015\/0015\/0223\/SubB\/DSW\/DZK\/JD; 2016\/0005\/0223\/SubB\/DSW and 2016\/0267\/305\/Udot\/72\/DSW."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In athletes, no reliable indices exist for an unambiguous evaluation of hematological and iron status. Therefore, the utility of some new red blood cell (RBC) parameters was explored in 931 elite male athletes aged 13\u201335 years. To diagnose iron status, the values of ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and basic blood morphology were determined in blood. The new hematological markers included among others: mean cellular hemoglobin content in reticulocytes (CHr), percentage of erythrocytes (HYPOm) and reticulocytes (HYPOr) with decreased cellular hemoglobin concentration, percentage of erythrocytes (LowCHm) and reticulocytes (LowCHr) with decreased cellular hemoglobin content, mean volume of reticulocytes (MCVr), and percentage of erythrocytes with decreased volume (MICROm). Despite adverse changes in reticulocyte hypochromia indices (CHr, LowCHr, HYPOr; p &lt; 0.001) in the iron depletion state, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) values calculated for them were relatively low (0.539\u20130.722). In iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE), unfavorable changes additionally concern microcythemia indices in both reticulocytes and erythrocytes (MCVr, MCV, MICROm, and red cell volume distribution width\u2014RDW), with especially high values of AUC-ROC (0.947\u20130.970) for LowCHm, LowCHr, and CHr. Dilutional sports anemia was observed in 6.1% of athletes. In this subgroup, only hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and RBC (all dependent on blood volume) were significantly lower than in the normal group. In conclusion, the diagnostic utility of the new hematology indices was not satisfactory for the detection of an iron depletion state in athletes. However, these new indices present high accuracy in the detection of IDE and sports anemia conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1573728994000},"page":"2767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Utility of Novel Hypochromia and Microcythemia Markers in Classifying Hematological and Iron Status in Male Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9574-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Malczewska-Lenczowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Physiology and Dietetics, Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Trylogii 2\/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Sura\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Physiology and Dietetics, Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Trylogii 2\/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Orysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Physiology and Dietetics, Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Trylogii 2\/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Turowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Trylogii 2\/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Szczepa\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Physiology and Dietetics, Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Trylogii 2\/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Tomaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biometry, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04157-y","article-title":"Iron considerations for the athlete: A narrative review","volume":"119","author":"Sim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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