{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T23:13:02Z","timestamp":1772320382848,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Torino","award":["ID 61356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 61356"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trans-\u03b2-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural sesquiterpene hydrocarbon with several important pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardioprotective functions. These properties are mainly due to its selective interaction with the peripherally expressed cannabinoid receptor 2. In addition, BCP activates peroxisome proliferated activator receptors \u03b1 and \u03b3 and inhibits the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Given the growing scientific interest in BCP, the aim of our study was to investigate the metabolic effects of a black pepper extract (PipeNig\u00ae-FL), containing a high standardized content of BCP. In particular our interest was focused on its potential activity on lipid accumulation and glucose uptake. The extract PipeNig\u00ae-FL was chemically characterized by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC\u2013FID), confirming a high content (814 mg\/g) of BCP. Experiments were performed on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and on C2C12 myotubes. Lipid content following 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation was quantified with AdipoRed fluorescence staining. Glucose uptake and GLUT4 membrane translocation were studied in C2C12 myotubes with the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG and by immunofluorescence analysis. Here we show that PipeNig\u00ae-FL reduces 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Moreover, acute exposure of C2C12 myotubes to PipeNig\u00ae-FL improves glucose uptake activity and GLUT4 migration. Taken together, these results reveal interesting and novel properties of BCP, suggesting potential applications in the prevention of lipid accumulation and in the improvement of glucose uptake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T11:24:32Z","timestamp":1573817072000},"page":"2788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["PipeNig\u00ae-FL, a Fluid Extract of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) with a High Standardized Content of Trans-\u03b2-Caryophyllene, Reduces Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Improves Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Geddo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosaria","family":"Scandiffio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Antoniotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Cottone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Querio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo E.","family":"Maffei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15\/a, 10135 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Bovolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000088846.10655.E0","article-title":"The Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Reilly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.04.030","article-title":"Multitarget PPAR\u03b3 Agonists as Innovative Modulators of the Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Ammazzalorso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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