{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:35:12Z","timestamp":1778909712467,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Reserach Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain","award":["2014\/0396, 2015\/0359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/0396, 2015\/0359"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, scientific studies are emerging on the possible etiological role of intestinal parasites in functional digestive disorders. Our study was carried out with healthy individuals (control group; n = 82) and symptomatic patients with lactose or fructose malabsorption, including positive (malabsorbers; n = 213) and negative (absorbers; n = 56) breath test, being analyzed for the presence of intestinal parasites. A high parasitic prevalence was observed in malabsorbers (41.8%), exclusively due to single-cell eukaryotes but not helminths. Giardia intestinalis was the predominant parasite in cases of abnormal absorption (26.5%), significantly associated with fructose malabsorption and doubling the probability of developing this pathology. Within controls, Blastocystis sp. (13.4%) was almost the only parasite, being the second among patients (12.6%), and Cryptosporidium parvum, the last species of clinical relevance, was detected exclusively in two malabsorbers (0.9%). The consumption of ecological food and professions with direct contact with humans arose as risk factors of parasitism. A diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption in adulthood is the starting point, making the search for the primary cause necessary. Accurate parasitological diagnosis should be considered another tool in the clinical routine for patients with recurrent symptoms, since their condition may be reversible with adequate therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T11:16:31Z","timestamp":1575544591000},"page":"2973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Giardia intestinalis and Fructose Malabsorption: A Frequent Association"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Trelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Taroncher-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy (CUNAFF), Llu\u00eds Alcany\u00eds Foundation-University of Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6299-7665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Gozalbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Food &amp; Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3818-1471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Osuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18003 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0191-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan F.","family":"Merino-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Naghavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Vos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-77122008000100003","article-title":"Influencia de las parasitosis intestinales y otros antecedentes infecciosos sobre el estatus nutricional antropom\u00e9trico de ni\u00f1os en situaci\u00f3n de pobreza","volume":"63","author":"Solano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitolog\u00eda Latinoamericana"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000362644","article-title":"Molecular identification of Giardia intestinalis in patients with dyspepsia","volume":"90","author":"Fouad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.255","article-title":"Effects of asymptomatic Giardia intestinalis infection on carbohydrate absorption in well-nourished Mexican children","volume":"66","author":"Sotelo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. 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