{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:26:25Z","timestamp":1790835985346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,7]],"date-time":"2019-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZonMW\/Dutch Diabetes Fund","award":["95105011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95105011"]}]},{"name":"CVON","award":["2O18.27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2O18.27"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The importance of the postprandial state has been acknowledged, since hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are linked with several chronic systemic low-grade inflammation conditions. Humans spend more than 16 h per day in the postprandial state and the postprandial state is acknowledged as a complex interplay between nutrients, hormones and diet-derived metabolites. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the physiology of the postprandial inflammatory response, the role of different nutrients, the pro-inflammatory effects of metabolic endotoxemia and the anti-inflammatory effects of bile acids. Moreover, we discuss nutritional strategies that may be linked to the described pathways to modulate the inflammatory component of the postprandial response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11123000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T05:54:51Z","timestamp":1575870891000},"page":"3000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Human Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism and Low-Grade Inflammation: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emma C.E.","family":"Meessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center (AMC), PO box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-6728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz V.","family":"Warmbrunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Nieuwdorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten R.","family":"Soeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center (AMC), PO box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.01.011","article-title":"Insulin resistance, postprandial GLP-1 and adaptive immunity are the main predictors of NAFLD in a homogeneous population at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"26","author":"Bozzetto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. 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