{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:54:21Z","timestamp":1760241261002,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012276","name":"Tillotts Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted research grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted research grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pharmacosmos, DK","award":["Unrestricted research grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted research grant"]}]},{"name":"\u00d8stfold Hospital","award":["Unrestricted reserach grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted reserach grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pain and vitamin D deficiency are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Disease activity, fatigue, frequent relapses, prior surgery and psychological factors all seem to influence the experience of pain in IBD. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with muscle and skeletal pain. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of pain in patients with IBD, and to investigate the influence of other socio-demographic and psychological variables on the experience of pain. Methods: Patients with IBD were recruited from nine hospitals in Norway in a multicenter cross-sectional study. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) questionnaire was used to measure pain. Disease activity was assessed using clinical disease activity indices, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin. Regression models were fitted to explore a possible association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pain severity. Results: Of 407 patients included in the analyses, 229 (56%) had Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and 178 (44%) had ulcerative colitis (UC). Vitamin D deficiency was present in half (203\/407) of patients. Presence of pain was reported by 76% (309\/407). More severe pain was associated with female gender and increased disease activity scores, but not with increased CRP or fecal calprotectin. In CD, patients without prior intra-abdominal surgery reported more severe pain. In multivariate analyses, there was no association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pain severity. Conclusions: In this study, no significant association between pain severity and vitamin D deficiency was revealed in patients with IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pain Severity and Vitamin D Deficiency in IBD Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7841-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svein Oskar","family":"Frigstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, \u00d8stfold Hospital, 1714 Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vestre Viken B\u00e6rum Hospital, 1346 Gjettum, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marte Lie","family":"H\u00f8ivik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Jahnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milada","family":"Cvancarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6669-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tore","family":"Grimstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Prytz","family":"Berset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Huppertz-Hauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Telemark Hospital, 3710 Skien, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8istein","family":"Hovde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Innlandet Hospital, 2819 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomm","family":"Bernklev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Vestfold Hospital, 3103 T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Moum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars-Petter","family":"Jelsness-J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u00d8stfold Hospital, 1714 Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, \u00d8stfold University College, 1757 Halden, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"A clinical review of recent findings in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"5","author":"Ponder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/1\/26\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1760190259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/1\/26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12010026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12010026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6643"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]}}}