{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:53:10Z","timestamp":1760241190368,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,cofunded by FEDER funds\/ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe  (grants PI17\/01280,  PI11\/01810, PI14\/01219, PI11\/02213, PI09\/1662, PI15\/00966)","the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,cofunded by FEDER funds\/ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe (grants RCESP C03\/09, RTICESP C03\/10, RTIC RD06\/0020\/0095, RD12\/0036\/0056)","the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,cofunded by FEDER funds\/ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe (grants Rio Hortega CM13\/00232, Juan de la Cierva de Incorporacion IJCI-2016-29502 and SV-09-CLINIC-1)","Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red: Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP, Spain)","MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), PMP15\/00007 which is part of Plan Nacional de I+D+I and is co-financed by the ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Evaluation and FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,cofunded by FEDER funds\/ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe  (grants PI17\/01280,  PI11\/01810, PI14\/01219, PI11\/02213, PI09\/1662, PI15\/00966)","the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,cofunded by FEDER funds\/ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe (grants RCESP C03\/09, RTICESP C03\/10, RTIC RD06\/0020\/0095, RD12\/0036\/0056)","the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,cofunded by FEDER funds\/ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe (grants Rio Hortega CM13\/00232, Juan de la Cierva de Incorporacion IJCI-2016-29502 and SV-09-CLINIC-1)","Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red: Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP, Spain)","MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), PMP15\/00007 which is part of Plan Nacional de I+D+I and is co-financed by the ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Evaluation and FEDER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","award":["Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), CERCA Programme \/ Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support (2017SGR1085)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), CERCA Programme \/ Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support (2017SGR1085)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012514","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red-Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de C\u00e1ncer,","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic inflammation plays a role in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and diet might modulate chronic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII\u00ae) and CLL. A total of 366 CLL cases and 1643 controls of the Spanish multicase-control (MCC) Spain study were included. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) based on 30 items from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders. Overall, a modest, non-statistically significant, positive association was observed between CLL and E-DII scores (OR for a one-unit increase in E-DII: 1.05 (CI 95%: 0.99, 1.12), p-value = 0.09 and by tertiles: ORT2vsT1: 1.20 (CI 95%: 0.90, 1.59); OR T3vsT1: 1.21 (CI 95%: 0.90, 1.62), p trend = 0.21). These results were independent from disease severity (p-het: 0.70), time from diagnosis (p-het: 0.67) and CLL treatment received (p-het: 0.56). No interactions were detected. In conclusion, the consumption of a diet with high pro-inflammatory components was not significantly associated with CLL. Changes towards a more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern in younger generations not included here warrant future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T05:56:15Z","timestamp":1577166975000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in the MCC Spain Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4590-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Gracia-Lavedan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08003, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1422-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic in Infections and Cancer (UNIC-Molecular), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Amiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Romaguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08003, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma 07120, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Costas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic in Infections and Cancer (UNIC-Molecular), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Information and Interventions in Infections and Cancer (UNIC-I&amp;I), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Gonzalez-Barca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"de la Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Aymerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trinidad","family":"Dierssen-Sotos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Marcos-Gragera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Research group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona 17071, Spain"},{"name":"Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17007, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta Mar\u00eda","family":"Rodriguez-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Oviedo, \u00e1rea de medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Oviedo 33003, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo 33011, Spain"},{"name":"IUOPA: Instituto de Oncolog\u00eda de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo 33003, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2397-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Solans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Research group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona 17071, Spain"},{"name":"Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17007, 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