{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T19:38:50Z","timestamp":1773344330995,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: A gluten-free diet (GFD) can expose children to excessive calories and fat intake. The study is intended to verify whether and how food intake, laboratory parameters, and growth are modified by a year of GFD. Methods: In 79 CD (coeliac disease) children (mean age 7.9 \u00b1 3.8 years, 52 females, 27 males) diagnosed over 24 months, 24-h food diaries, food-frequency patterns, anthropometric and laboratory parameters (mainly blood sugar, insulin, lipid profile, and homocysteine) were prospectively collected before and during the first year of GFD. Nutrient intakes were compared over time and with recommendations. They were also used as regressors to explain the levels and changes of metabolic and growth variables. p-values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Average macronutrient intake did not change during the year. Caloric intake remained below 90% (p \u2264 0.0001) and protein intake above 200% (p \u2264 0.0001) of recommendations. Lipid intake was stable at 34% of overall energy intake. Unsaturated fats increased (less omega-6 and more omega-3 with a ratio improvement from 13.3 \u00b1 5.5 to 8.8 \u00b1 3.1) and so did fibers, while folate decreased. The children who experienced a containment in their caloric intake during the year, presented a slower catch-up growth. Some differences were found across gender and age groups. In particular, adolescents consumed less calories, and females more omega-3. Fiber and simple sugar intakes emerged as implicated in lipid profile shift: fibers negatively with triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.033), simple sugars negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.056) and positively with TG (p = 0.004). Waist-to-height ratio was positively associated with homocysteine (p = 0.018) and Homeostasis Model Assessment (p = 0.001), negatively with fibers (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In the short run, GFD is nutritionally very similar to any diet with gluten, with some improvements in unsaturated fats and fiber intake. Along with simple sugars containment, this may offer CD patients the opportunity for a fresh start. Caloric intakes may shift and should be monitored, especially in adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T11:07:48Z","timestamp":1577272068000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gluten Deprivation: What Nutritional Changes Are Found During the First Year in Newly Diagnosed Coeliac Children?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Forchielli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Diani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Service, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Labriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bolasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nunzio Cosimo","family":"Salfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Miserocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Andreozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Levi della Vida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achille Cesare","family":"Pessina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Padua University (Retired), 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Surgery, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0379-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Pession","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2010.01060.x","article-title":"Dietary shortcomings in children on a gluten-free diet","volume":"23","author":"Ohlund","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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