{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:34:00Z","timestamp":1782747240118,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Art of Baden Wuerttemberg, Sonderlinie Medizin","award":["KL 2528-0-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL 2528-0-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is shed into breast milk in nearly every seropositive woman during lactation. This reactivation shows mostly a self-limited, unimodal course. The dynamics and functional role of HCMV-specific-IgG in breast milk and in plasma during reactivation are unknown. Milk whey viral loads were monitored with real-time PCR in 18 HCMV-seropositive mothers over two months postpartum. HCMV-antibody binding assays (ECLIA) and antigen-specific immunoblotting were performed from plasma and corresponding milk samples. Epithelial-cell-specific neutralization was used to analyze functional antibodies in plasma- and whey-pools. Viral loads in milk whey showed unimodal courses in 15 of 18 mothers with peak viral loads around one month postpartum. HCMV-specific-IgG-antibodies increased significantly in plasma and milk whey during reactivation. The mean levels of plasma IgG were about 275-fold higher than in whey. Only antibodies against tegument protein p150 were continuously expressed in both compartments. Anti-glycoprotein-B1 IgG-antibodies were variably expressed in whey, but continuously in plasma. Neutralization assays showed 40-fold higher NT-50 values in plasma compared to whey at two months postpartum. During reactivation, HCMV-specific-IgG reactivities and neutralizing capacities are much lower in whey than in plasma. Therefore, their specific role in the decrease and discontinuation of virus-shedding in milk remains unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T09:37:09Z","timestamp":1580204229000},"page":"338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation During Lactation: Impact of Antibody Kinetics and Neutralization in Blood and Breast Milk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Katrin","family":"Lazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabea","family":"Rabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rangmar","family":"Goelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University Children\u2019s Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Hamprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.535","article-title":"Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection","volume":"17","author":"Kenneson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. 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