{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:38:08Z","timestamp":1790685488012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]],"date-time":"2020-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Meervoud"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Meervoud"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop metabolic and brain disorders in adulthood. Breastfeeding (exclusivity and duration) is associated with improved metabolic and neurocognitive health outcomes, and the physical properties of the dietary lipids may contribute to this. Here, we tested whether early life exposure to dietary lipids mimicking some physical characteristics of breastmilk (i.e., large, phospholipid-coated lipid droplets; Concept Nuturis\u00ae infant milk formula (N-IMF)), could protect against ES-induced metabolic and brain abnormalities under standard circumstances, and in response to prolonged Western-style diet (WSD) in adulthood. ES was induced by exposing mice to limited nesting material from postnatal day (P) 2 to P9. From P16 to P42, male offspring were fed a standard IMF (S-IMF) or N-IMF, followed by either standard rodent diet (SD) or WSD until P230. We then assessed body composition development, fat mass, metabolic hormones, hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, and neurogenesis (proliferation and survival). Prolonged WSD resulted in an obesogenic phenotype at P230, which was not modulated by previous ES or N-IMF exposure. Nevertheless, ES and N-IMF modulated the effect of WSD on neurogenesis at P230, without affecting cognitive function, highlighting programming effects of the early life environment on the hippocampal response to later life challenges at a structural level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T03:33:43Z","timestamp":1582515223000},"page":"570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Effects of Early Life Stress, Postnatal Diet Modulation, and Long-Term Western-Style Diet on Later-Life Metabolic and Cognitive Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maralinde R.","family":"Abbink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidewij","family":"Schipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-5595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva F.G.","family":"Naninck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cato M.H.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romy","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline M.","family":"van der Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Lucassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniko","family":"Korosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2015.01.007","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder, alone or additively with early life adversity, is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk","volume":"25","author":"Farr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.019","article-title":"Paradise Lost: The Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect","volume":"89","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2006.07.001","article-title":"The Dutch famine and its long-term consequences for adult health","volume":"82","author":"Roseboom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1435","article-title":"The Relationship between Childhood Parental Loss and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Subjects","volume":"29","author":"Alciati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002403","article-title":"Effects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology","volume":"47","author":"Saleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.012","article-title":"Cognitive ability and decline after early life stress exposure","volume":"34","author":"Pesonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007","article-title":"The role of specific early trauma in adult depression: A meta-analysis of published literature. Childhood trauma and adult depression","volume":"30","author":"Mandelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.12.018","article-title":"The longer-term impacts of Western diet on human cognition and the brain","volume":"63","author":"Francis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-61","article-title":"Fast food fever: Reviewing the impacts of the Western diet on immunity","volume":"13","author":"Myles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.341","article-title":"Origins and evolution of the Western diet: Health implications for the 21st century","volume":"81","author":"Cordain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1514957","article-title":"The Obesity Epidemic--Understanding the Disease and the Treatment","volume":"374","author":"Apovian","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4155\/fsoa-2016-0035","article-title":"Obesity epidemic: Impact from preconception to postpartum","volume":"2","author":"Moussa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-016-0233-8","article-title":"Global Changes in Food Supply and the Obesity Epidemic","volume":"5","author":"Zobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2010.11.007","article-title":"High-fat diets impair spatial learning in the radial-arm maze in mice","volume":"95","author":"Stucchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2009.05.007","article-title":"A high fructose diet impairs spatial memory in male rats","volume":"92","author":"Ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2012.707708","article-title":"Prenatal stress increases the obesogenic effects of a high-fat-sucrose diet in adult rats in a sex-specific manner","volume":"16","author":"Paternain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000341684","article-title":"Transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in the hypothalamus are involved in an increased susceptibility to a high-fat-sucrose diet in prenatally stressed female rats","volume":"96","author":"Paternain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1129","article-title":"Prenatal Stress or High-Fat Diet Increases Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Obesity in Rat Offspring","volume":"58","author":"Tamashiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.12.012","article-title":"Exposure to chronic early-life stress lastingly alters the adipose tissue, the leptin system and changes the vulnerability to western-style diet later in life in mice","volume":"77","author":"Yam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-008-1033-4","article-title":"Metabolic programming: Role of nutrition in the immediate postnatal life","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3535-7_1","article-title":"Early nutrition and its later consequences: New opportunities","volume":"569","author":"Koletzko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05798.x","article-title":"Early life nutrition and metabolic programming","volume":"1212","author":"Ozanne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600834R","article-title":"Early micronutrient supplementation protects against early stress\u2013induced cognitive impairments","volume":"31","author":"Naninck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802297R","article-title":"Increasing availability of \u03c9-3 fatty acid in the early-life diet prevents the early-life stress-induced cognitive impairments without affecting metabolic alterations","volume":"33","author":"Yam","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"19","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood obesity","volume":"31","author":"Ryan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Coll Antropol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1043","article-title":"Does breastfeeding influence risk of type 2 diabetes in later life? A quantitative analysis of published evidence","volume":"84","author":"Owen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334402239730","article-title":"Is Breastfeeding Protective Against Child Obesity?","volume":"19","author":"Dewey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.455","article-title":"Infant Feeding and Childhood Cognition at Ages 3 and 7 Years","volume":"167","author":"Belfort","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.4.579","article-title":"Effect of Breastfeeding Duration on Cognitive Development in Infants: 3-Year Follow-up Study","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.5.578","article-title":"Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: New evidence from a large randomized trial","volume":"65","author":"Kramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72906-4","article-title":"Invited Review: Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane as a Potential Nutraceutical","volume":"88","author":"Spitsberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2010.10.039","article-title":"Human milk fat globules: Polar lipid composition and in situ structural investigations revealing the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and the lateral segregation of sphingomyelin in the biological membrane","volume":"83","author":"Lopez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72868-X","article-title":"Size Distribution of Fat Globules in Human Colostrum, Breast Milk, and Infant Formula","volume":"88","author":"Michalski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.09.024","article-title":"A novel infant milk formula concept: Mimicking the human milk fat globule structure","volume":"136","author":"Gallier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.101","article-title":"Size and phospholipid coating of lipid droplets in the diet of young mice modify body fat accumulation in adulthood","volume":"72","author":"Oosting","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516001082","article-title":"Milk fat globule membrane coating of large lipid droplets in the diet of young mice prevents body fat accumulation in adulthood","volume":"115","author":"Baars","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.224998","article-title":"A Postnatal Diet Containing Phospholipids, Processed to Yield Large, Phospholipid-Coated Lipid Droplets, Affects Specific Cognitive Behaviors in Healthy Male Mice","volume":"146","author":"Schipper","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22374","article-title":"Chronic early life stress alters developmental and adult neurogenesis and impairs cognitive function in mice","volume":"25","author":"Naninck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"226","article-title":"Adolescent social isolation stress unmasks the combined effects of adolescent exercise and adult inflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior","volume":"365","author":"Hueston","year":"2017","journal-title":"NSC"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22745","article-title":"Early-life stress diminishes the increase in neurogenesis after exercise in adult female mice","volume":"27","author":"Abbink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.07.037","article-title":"Early-life stress mediated modulation of adult neurogenesis and behavior","volume":"227","author":"Korosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00003","article-title":"Early life stress and hippocampal neurogenesis in the neonate: Sexual dimorphism, long term consequences and possible mediators","volume":"8","author":"Lajud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00013","article-title":"Age- and sex-dependent effects of early life stress on hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Loi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01500.x","article-title":"High-fat diet impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats","volume":"13","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"803","article-title":"A high-fat, refined sugar diet reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal plasticity, and learning","volume":"112","author":"Molteni","year":"2002","journal-title":"NSC"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.07.046","article-title":"A high-fat diet impairs neurogenesis: Involvement of lipid peroxidation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"482","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4892","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0633","article-title":"A Novel Mouse Model for Acute and Long-Lasting Consequences of Early Life Stress","volume":"149","author":"Rice","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939","article-title":"AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet","volume":"123","author":"Reeves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513002201","article-title":"Effect of dietary lipid structure in early postnatal life on mouse adipose tissue development and function in adulthood","volume":"111","author":"Oosting","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005370","article-title":"Persistent Diet-Induced Obesity in Male C57BL\/6 Mice Resulting from Temporary Obesigenic Diets","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.608","article-title":"High-fat diets: Modeling the metabolic disorders of human obesity in rodents","volume":"15","author":"Buettner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002083","article-title":"Programming effects of an early-life diet containing large phospholipid-coated lipid globules are transient under continuous exposure to a high-fat diet","volume":"122","author":"Ronda","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJN"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2016.03.001","article-title":"Early life adversities or high fat diet intake reduce cognitive function and alter BDNF signaling in adult rats: Interplay of these factors changes these effects","volume":"50","author":"Arcego","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"482","article-title":"Effects of early adolescent environmental enrichment on cognitive dysfunction, prefrontal cortex development, and inflammatory cytokines after early life stress","volume":"58","author":"Narahari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2006.09.001","article-title":"Enriched environment treatment restores impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits induced by prenatal chronic stress","volume":"87","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.03.003","article-title":"Beneficial effects of environmental enrichment on behavior, stress reactivity and synaptophysin\/BDNF expression in hippocampus following early life stress","volume":"67","author":"Dandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00918-1","article-title":"Partial reversal of the effect of maternal care on cognitive function through environmental enrichment","volume":"118","author":"Bredy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.07.017","article-title":"Effect of western and high fat diets on memory and cholinergic measures in the rat","volume":"235","author":"Kosari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.73","article-title":"Fasting Induces an Anti-Inflammatory Effect on the Neuroimmune System Which a High-Fat Diet Prevents","volume":"19","author":"Lavin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.09.007","article-title":"Olfactory ability and object memory in three mouse models of varying body weight, metabolic hormones, and adiposity","volume":"107","author":"Tucker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kesby, J.P., Kim, J.J., Scadeng, M., Woods, G., Kado, D.M., Olefsky, J.M., Jeste, D.V., Achim, C.L., and Semenova, S. (2015). Spatial Cognition in Adult and Aged Mice Exposed to High-Fat Diet. PLoS ONE.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140034"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.06.012","article-title":"Spatial memory impairment and changes in hippocampal morphology are triggered by high-fat diets in adolescent mice. Is there a role of leptin?","volume":"106","author":"Fole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00225","article-title":"High-Fat-Diet-Induced Weight Gain Ameliorates Bone Loss without Exacerbating A\u03b2PP Processing and Cognition in Female APP\/PS1 Mice","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.06.008","article-title":"Effects of high-fat diet exposure on learning & memory","volume":"152","author":"Cordner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.01.004","article-title":"Bardoxolone methyl prevents high-fat diet-induced alterations in prefrontal cortex signalling molecules involved in recognition memory","volume":"59","author":"Camer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1021\/jf404565s","article-title":"Blueberry Supplementation Improves Memory in Middle-Aged Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet","volume":"62","author":"Carey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2012.04.005","article-title":"Adult mice maintained on a high-fat diet exhibit object location memory deficits and reduced hippocampal SIRT1 gene expression","volume":"98","author":"Heyward","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.03.011","article-title":"High fat diet produces brain insulin resistance, synaptodendritic abnormalities and altered behavior in mice","volume":"67","author":"Arnold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.12.008","article-title":"Perinatal high-fat diet increases hippocampal vulnerability to the adverse effects of subsequent high-fat feeding","volume":"53","author":"Larrieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.06.001","article-title":"Supplementation with a mixture of complex lipids derived from milk to growing rats results in improvements in parameters related to growth and cognition","volume":"29","author":"Vickers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014142","article-title":"Supplementation of Infant Formula with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membranes","volume":"8","author":"Timby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12663","article-title":"Home alone: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of individual housing on body weight, food intake and visceral fat mass in rodents","volume":"19","author":"Schipper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.08.038","article-title":"Maternal separation decreases adult hippocampal cell proliferation and impairs cognitive performance but has little effect on stress sensitivity and anxiety in adult Wistar rats","volume":"216","author":"Hulshof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-017-0142-x","article-title":"Sex-dependent effects of maternal corticosterone and SSRI treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis across development","volume":"8","author":"Gobinath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07650.x","article-title":"Obesity-dependent cannabinoid modulation of proliferation in adult neurogenic regions","volume":"33","author":"Rivera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22032","article-title":"Juvenile, but not adult exposure to high-fat diet impairs relational memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in mice","volume":"22","author":"Boitard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0140-z","article-title":"Normal diet Vs High fat diet-A comparative study: Behavioral and neuroimmunological changes in adolescent male mice","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.11.046","article-title":"A high fat diet-induced decrease in hippocampal newly-born neurons of male mice is exacerbated by mild psychological stress using a Communication Box","volume":"209","author":"Murata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11689","article-title":"Metabolic control of adult neural stem cell activity by Fasn-dependent lipogenesis","volume":"493","author":"Knobloch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.03.007","article-title":"A diet high in fat and sugar reverses anxiety-like behaviour induced by limited nesting in male rats: Impacts on hippocampal markers","volume":"68","author":"Maniam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00138","article-title":"Early Life Stress Induced by Limited Nesting Material Produces Metabolic Resilience in Response to a High-Fat and High-Sugar Diet in Male Rats","volume":"6","author":"Maniam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.10.013","article-title":"Palatable cafeteria diet ameliorates anxiety and depression-like symptoms following an adverse early environment","volume":"35","author":"Maniam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.05.012","article-title":"Voluntary exercise and palatable high-fat diet both improve behavioural profile and stress responses in male rats exposed to early life stress: Role of hippocampus","volume":"35","author":"Maniam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271460","article-title":"The biology of developmental plasticity and the Predictive Adaptive Response hypothesis","volume":"592","author":"Bateson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.12.008","article-title":"Mismatch or cumulative stress: Toward an integrated hypothesis of programming effects","volume":"106","author":"Nederhof","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00211.x","article-title":"Influence of dietary gangliosides on neonatal brain development","volume":"67","author":"McJarrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000138","article-title":"Structure\u2013function relationship of the milk fat globule","volume":"18","author":"Bourlieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/2\/570\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:00:00Z","timestamp":1760173200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/2\/570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12020570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12020570","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]]}}}