{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:53:16Z","timestamp":1787928796834,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gencor Pacific Pty Ltd","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a cannabimimetic compound and lipid messenger, on recovery from muscle damaging exercise. Twenty-eight healthy young male participants attended the laboratory four times on subsequent days. In the first visit, baseline characteristics were recorded before participants were randomized to consume either liquid PEA (167.5 mg Levagen+ with 832.5 mg maltodextrin) or a matched placebo (1 g maltodextrin) drink. Leg press exercise consisted of four sets at 80% of one repetition maximum followed by a performance set. Muscle soreness, thigh circumference, blood lactate concentration, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, and transcription factor pathways were measured pre- and immediately post-exercise and again at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. The leg press exercise increased (p &lt; 0.05) blood lactate concentration and induced muscle damage as evidenced by increased muscle soreness, thigh circumference, biomarkers of muscle damage, and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1. PEA reduced (p &lt; 0.05) myoglobin and blood lactate concentrations and increased protein kinase B phosphorylation following exercise. Taken together, these results indicate PEA supplementation may aid in muscle recovery from repeat bouts of exercise performed within a short duration by reducing myoglobin and lactate concentration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T08:12:22Z","timestamp":1582618342000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Effect of Orally Dosed Levagen+\u2122 (palmitoylethanolamide) on Exercise Recovery in Healthy Males\u2014A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7961-1458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alistair","family":"Mallard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RDC Clinical, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Briskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RDC Clinical, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RDC Clinical, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich 4305, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich 4305, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RDC Clinical, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00971.2016","article-title":"Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise","volume":"122","author":"Peake","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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