{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:08:30Z","timestamp":1782821310706,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sara Borrell contract (CD17\/00233)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sara Borrell contract (CD17\/00233)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS 16-00139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS 16-00139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS 19-00136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS 19-00136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIBERDEM and CIBEROBN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERDEM and CIBEROBN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER \u201cUna manera de hacer Europa\u201d","award":["(ISCIII)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(ISCIII)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The atherogenicity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) may be more significant than LDL cholesterol levels. Clinical trials which have led to increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have not always seen reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, genetic variants predisposing individuals to high HDL cholesterol are not associated with a lower risk of suffering a coronary event, and therefore HDL functionality is considered to be the most relevant aspect. Virgin olive oil (VOO) is thought to play a protective role against CVD. This review describes the effects of VOO and phenol-enriched VOOs on lipoprotein atherogenicity and HDL atheroprotective properties. The studies have demonstrated a decrease in LDL atherogenicity and an increase in the HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL antioxidant activity, and HDL anti-inflammatory characteristics after various VOO interventions. Moreover, the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes was enhanced after exposure to phenol-enriched VOOs in both post-prandial and sustained trials. Improvements in HDL antioxidant properties were also observed after VOO and phenol-enriched VOO interventions. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated improved characteristics of TRL atherogenicity under postprandial conditions after VOO intake. Large-scale, long-term randomized clinical trials, and Mendelian analyses which assess the lipoprotein state and properties, are required to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T04:18:29Z","timestamp":1582690709000},"page":"601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on Lipoprotein Atherogenicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Farr\u00e0s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0278-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Canyelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei de Bioqu\u00edmica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Fit\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-2485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan Carles","family":"Escol\u00e0-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.55.5.767","article-title":"HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. 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