{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:07:42Z","timestamp":1783523262855,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010739","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Camerino","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fondo Ateneo Ricerca (FAR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondo Ateneo Ricerca (FAR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence suggests that obesity adversely affects brain function. High body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes are risk factors for increasing cognitive decline. Tart cherries (Prunus Cerasus L.) are rich in anthocyanins and components that modify lipid metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of tart cherries on the brain in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. DIO rats were fed with a high-fat diet alone or in association with a tart cherry seeds powder (DS) and juice (DJS). DIO rats were compared to rats fed with a standard diet (CHOW). Food intake, body weight, fasting glycemia, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Immunochemical and immunohistochemical techniques were performed. Results showed that body weight did not differ among the groups. Blood pressure and glycemia were decreased in both DS and DJS groups when compared to DIO rats. Immunochemical and immunohistochemical techniques demonstrated that in supplemented DIO rats, the glial fibrillary acid protein expression and microglial activation were reduced in both the hippocampus and in the frontal cortex, while the neurofilament was increased. Tart cherry intake modified aquaporin 4 and endothelial inflammatory markers. These findings indicate the potential role of this nutritional supplement in preventing obesity-related risk factors, especially neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T09:30:36Z","timestamp":1582882236000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Brain Alterations in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity: Effects of Tart Cherry Seeds and Juice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8044-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Micioni Di Bonaventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7702-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilenia","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Moruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstra\u00dfe 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8484-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Micioni Di Bonaventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Giusepponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Polidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Lupidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7219-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed","family":"Tayebati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0555-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Amenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6180-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Cifani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9062-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Tomassoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00317","article-title":"Addressing motivation in globesity treatment: A new challenge for clinical psychology","volume":"3","author":"Pietrabissa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keaver, L., Webber, L., Dee, A., Shiely, F., Marsh, T., Balanda, K., and Perry, I. (2013). Application of the UK foresight obesity model in Ireland: The health and economic consequences of projected obesity trends in Ireland. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/3dd20b6b-2a94-4542-a058-2cc7effe881a"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60814-3","article-title":"Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK","volume":"378","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.12.013","article-title":"Modulation of adipose tissue inflammation by bioactive food compounds","volume":"24","author":"Siriwardhana","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.06.012","article-title":"Detrimental effects of a high fat\/high cholesterol diet on memory and hippocampal markers in aged rats","volume":"312","author":"Ledreux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0174-2","article-title":"Effect of garlic powder on hippocampal long-term potentiation in rats fed high fat diet: An in vivo study","volume":"33","author":"Salehi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01500.x","article-title":"High-fat diet impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats","volume":"13","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1520","article-title":"Consumption of a fat-rich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus","volume":"146","author":"Araujo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59660","article-title":"Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans","volume":"122","author":"Thaler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"253","article-title":"Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L) anthocyanins as ingredients for functional foods","volume":"2004","author":"Blando","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2008.0270","article-title":"Regular tart cherry intake alters abdominal adiposity, adipose gene transcription, and inflammation in obesity-prone rats fed a high fat diet","volume":"12","author":"Seymour","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Food."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390903001719","article-title":"Cherries and health: A review","volume":"51","author":"McCune","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"9","article-title":"A jerte valley cherry-based product as a supply of tryptophan","volume":"5","author":"Garrido","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Tryptophan Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelley, D.S., Adkins, Y., and Laugero, K.D. (2018). A Review of the Health Benefits of Cherries. Nutrients., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030368"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-014-0406-0","article-title":"Anthocyanins, Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Properties of Ju\u00e7ara Fruits (Euterpe edulis M.) Along the On-tree Ripening Process","volume":"69","author":"Bicudo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Cao, G., and Prior, R.L. (1997). Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity of Anthocyanins. J. Agric. Food Chem.","DOI":"10.1021\/jf960421t"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(01)00164-4","article-title":"Antioxidant effect of red wine anthocyanins in normal and catalase-inactive human erythrocytes","volume":"12","author":"Tedesco","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20587","article-title":"Anthocyanin- and hydrolyzable tannin-rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF-\u03baB pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice","volume":"113","author":"Afaq","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14011502","article-title":"Anthocyanins downregulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells by suppressing the NF-\u03baB and Akt\/MAPKs signaling pathways","volume":"14","author":"Jeong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00187","article-title":"Regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides gene expression in diet induced obesity resistant rats: Possible targets for obesity prediction?","volume":"9","author":"Cifani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/88.5.1269","article-title":"Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: Collaborative study","volume":"88","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1329","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01243.2005","article-title":"Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Prunus Cerasus (Sour Cherry) Seed Extract Against Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Damage in Isolated Rat Hearts","volume":"291","author":"Bak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3580","article-title":"Evaluation of Systemic and Dermal Toxicity and Dermal Photoprotection by Sour Cherry Kernels","volume":"25","author":"Bak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Buccafusco, J.J. (2009). Anxiety-Related Behaviors in Mice. Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22687","article-title":"Estrogenic suppression of binge-like eating elicited by cyclic food restriction and frustrative-nonreward stress in female rats","volume":"50","author":"Lutz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1821","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1821","article-title":"Sensitive Assessment of Hippocampal Learning Using Temporally Dissociated Passive Avoidance Task","volume":"6","author":"Eagle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio-protocol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenk, G.L. (2004). Assessment of spatial memory using the radial arm maze and Morris water maze. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0805as26"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.107.4.618","article-title":"Severity of spatial learning impairment in aging: Development of a learning index for performance in the Morris water maze","volume":"107","author":"Gallagher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuena, A.R., Mairesse, J., Casolini, P., Cinque, C., Alem\u00e0, G.S., Morley-Fletcher, S., Chiodi, V., Spagnoli, L.G., Gradini, R., and Catalani, A. (2008). Prenatal restraint stress generates two distinct behavioral and neurochemical profiles in male and female rats. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002170"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Paxinos, G., and Watson, C. (2013). The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Elsevier Inc.. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985093","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/985093","article-title":"Neuroprotective activity of thioctic acid in central nervous system lesions consequent to peripheral nerve injury","volume":"2013","author":"Tomassoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"247","article-title":"Energy balance and obesity: What are the main drivers?","volume":"28","author":"Romieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63260-5_7","article-title":"Cerebrovascular Disease: Consequences of Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Letra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.53.7","article-title":"Obesity as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease","volume":"53","author":"Isozumi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Keio J. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.802225","article-title":"Lower cognitive function in the presence of obesity and hypertension: The Framingham heart study","volume":"27","author":"Elias","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-114","article-title":"The emerging role of dietary fructose in obesity and cognitive decline","volume":"12","author":"Lakhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05454.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and the role of dietary lifestyles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"106","author":"Pasinetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06978.x","article-title":"Linking cardiometabolic disorders to sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A perspective on potential mechanisms and mediators","volume":"115","author":"Bhat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38446.466238.E0","article-title":"Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: A 27 year longitudinal population based study","volume":"330","author":"Whitmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000297745","article-title":"Obesity-associated cognitive decline: Excess weight affects more than the waistline","volume":"34","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12088","article-title":"Glycemic extremes in youth with T1DM: The structural and functional integrity of the developing brain","volume":"14","author":"Arbelaez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.08.022","article-title":"High-fat diet aggravates amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in the 3xTg-AD mouse model","volume":"31","author":"Julien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121324","article-title":"\u03b2-alanyl-L-histidine rescues cognitive deficits caused by feeding a high fat diet in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Herculano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.02.003","article-title":"High-fat diet increases tau expression in the brain of T2DM and AD mice independently of peripheral metabolic status","volume":"25","author":"Takalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00123-9","article-title":"A high-fat, refined sugar diet reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal plasticity, and learning","volume":"112","author":"Molteni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-139691","article-title":"Deterioration of physical performance and cognitive function in rats with short-term high-fat feeding","volume":"23","author":"Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.48","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity promotes depressive-like behaviour that is associated with neural adaptations in brain reward circuitry","volume":"37","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318274d30f","article-title":"Longitudinal relationship of depressive and anxiety symptoms with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity","volume":"75","author":"Giltay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.008","article-title":"Obesity-Induced Cellular Senescence Drives Anxiety and Impairs Neurogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Ogrodnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00130","article-title":"Menopause, obesity and inflammation: Interactive risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Christensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.6.991","article-title":"High-fat, high-cholesterol diet increases the incidence of gastritis in LDL receptor-negative mice","volume":"21","author":"Laurila","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0386-0","article-title":"Hypertension and cognitive dysfunction in elderly: Blood pressure management for this global burden","volume":"16","author":"Tadic","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8389056","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of glutamate antagonists and extracellular acidity","volume":"260","author":"Kaku","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00318-9","article-title":"Hypertensive brain damage: Comparative evaluation of protective effect of treatment with dihydropyridine derivatives in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"122","author":"Sabbatini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02527758","article-title":"Effects of brain ischemia on intermediate filaments of rat hippocampus","volume":"21","author":"Zilles","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20190091","article-title":"Memory impairments and increased GFAP expression in hippocampal astrocytes following hypercaloric diet in rats","volume":"77","author":"Bondan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2017.10","article-title":"Microglia activation due to obesity programs metabolic failure leading to type two diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Camacho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00846","article-title":"Hypothalamic Microglial Activation in Obesity: A Mini-Review","volume":"12","author":"Mendes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2174\/187152711794488638","article-title":"Ion channels on microglia: Therapeutic targets for neuroprotection","volume":"10","author":"Skaper","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.06.023","article-title":"Expression of glucose transporter-1 and aquaporin-4 in the cerebral cortex of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats in relation to the blood\u2013brain barrier function","volume":"19","author":"Ishida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.02.349","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of treatment with galantamine and choline alphoscerate on brain microanatomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"283","author":"Tayebati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20515","article-title":"The roles of aquaporin-4 in brain oedema following neonatal hypoxia ischemia and reoxygenation in a cultured rat astrocyte model","volume":"55","author":"Fu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13131","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192457099","article-title":"Delayed onset of brain edema and mislocalization of aquaporin-4 in dystrophin-null transgenic mice","volume":"99","author":"Vajda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03315.x","article-title":"Correspondence of AQP4 expression and hypoxic\u2013ischaemic brain oedema monitored by magnetic resonance imaging in the immature and juvenile rat","volume":"19","author":"Meng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.02.023","article-title":"Expression of aquaporins 1 and 4 in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"1325","author":"Tomassoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.07.048","article-title":"Dietary restriction suppresses inflammation and delays the onset of stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"399","author":"Chiba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.12.030","article-title":"Circulating markers of endothelial function in cardiovascular disease","volume":"368","author":"Constans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.09.001","article-title":"Circulating soluble adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and their association with clinical outcome, troponin T and Creactive protein in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Postadzhiyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-014-0035-2","article-title":"Upregulation of ICAM-1 in diabetic rats after transient forebrain ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"11","author":"Jing","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00913B","article-title":"Effect of Montmorency tart cherry juice on cognitive performance in older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Chai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9945-7","article-title":"Tart cherry supplementation improves working memory, hippocampal inflammation, and autophagy in aged rats","volume":"38","author":"Thangthaeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071993o","article-title":"Whole berries versus berry anthocyanins: Interactions with dietary fat levels in the C57BL\/6J mouse model of obesity","volume":"56","author":"Prior","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.1021\/jf902852d","article-title":"Purified blueberry anthocyanins and blueberry juice alter development of obesity in mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet","volume":"58","author":"Prior","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01310","article-title":"Anthocyanins in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review","volume":"9","author":"Naseri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6993","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15106993","article-title":"Cherry antioxidants: From farm to table","volume":"15","author":"Ferretti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2174\/1872214808666140121151334","article-title":"Effect of antioxidant extract from cherries on diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Lachin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Endocr. Metab. Immune Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200214666131211160308","article-title":"The Metabolism of Anthocyanins","volume":"15","author":"Hribar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.007","article-title":"The beneficial effects of fruit polyphenols on brain aging","volume":"26","author":"Lau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/10284150500078117","article-title":"Anthocyanins in aged blueberry-fed rats are found centrally and may enhance memory","volume":"8","author":"Galli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukitt-Hale, B., Kelly, M.E., Bielinski, D.F., and Fisher, D.R. (2016). Tart Cherry Extracts Reduce Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Signaling in Microglial Cells. Antioxidants, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox5040033"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00626.2005","article-title":"Direct vasoactive and vasoprotective properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts","volume":"100","author":"Bell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"978","article-title":"Role of oleic acid in immune system; mechanism of action; a review","volume":"27","author":"Carrillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-8-25","article-title":"Oleic acid and peanut oil high in oleic acid reverse the inhibitory effect of insulin production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha both in vitro and in vivo systems","volume":"8","author":"Vassiliou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0237-9","article-title":"Protective role of oleic acid against cardiovascular insulin resistance and in the early and late cellular atherosclerotic process","volume":"14","author":"Perdomo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marin, V., Gazzin, S., Gambaro, S.E., Dal Ben, M., Calligaris, S., Anese, M., Raseni, A., Avellini, C., Giraudi, P.J., and Tiribelli, C. (2017). Effects of Oral Administration of Silymarin in a Juvenile Murine Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9091006"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111574","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000}}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/3\/623\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T22:35:29Z","timestamp":1754260529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/3\/623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12030623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12030623","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/nu16111574","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]}}}