{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T12:38:52Z","timestamp":1791722332201,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yakult Europe BV","award":["NUCES NASH study grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUCES NASH study grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The etiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multifactorial. Dietary composition has been implicated as a factor modulating intestinal barrier and could affect disease severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary intake and markers of intestinal permeability in patients with NAFLD. (2) Methods: We enrolled 63 patients with NAFLD and compared them to age-matched controls. (3) Results: body mass index (BMI) and leptin to adiponectin ratio\u2014the latter being an indicator of abdominal fat accumulation\u2014correlated with the degree of hepatic steatosis being accompanied with rising levels of fasting insulin. Furthermore, endotoxin plasma levels and markers of inflammation were significantly higher in NAFLD compared to controls and increased with the severity of hepatic steatosis. Despite comparable intake of total energy and macronutrients, intake of fiber was lower in all patients with NAFLD compared to controls and were negatively related to disease severity. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, results of the present study suggest that fiber intake in patients is negatively related to steatosis degree and bacterial endotoxin levels, further suggesting that dietary fiber intake may be a target in NAFLD treatment (NCT: 02366052 and 03482284).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1583486801000},"page":"699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Adipokines and Endotoxemia Correlate with Hepatic Steatosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anika","family":"Nier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8390-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Labenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Bergheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Schattenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466","article-title":"Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease","volume":"67","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0088-6","article-title":"Nash leading cause of liver transplant in women: Updated analysis of indications for liver transplant and ethnic and gender variances","volume":"113","author":"Noureddin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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