{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:02:21Z","timestamp":1778774541111,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate possibility as a skin whitening agent of Sorghum bicolor (S. bicolor), its antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effect on 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in B16\/F10 melanoma cells were investigated. The result of total phenolic contents (TPC) indicated that 60% ethanol extract of S. bicolor (ESB) has the highest contents than other ethanol extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2\u2019-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)\/1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. These results showed ESB has significant antioxidant activities. Inhibitory effect against tyrosinase was also assessed using L-tyrosine (IC50 value = 89.25 \u03bcg\/mL) and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates. In addition, ESB treatment effectively inhibited melanin production in IBMX-induced B16\/F10 melanoma cells. To confirm the mechanism on anti-melanogenic effect of ESB, we examined melanogenesis-related proteins. ESB downregulated melanogenesis by decreasing expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1. Finally, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), 1,3-O-dicaffeoylglycerol and tricin as the main compounds of ESB were analyzed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility separation-quadrupole time of flight\/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS-QTOF\/MS2). These findings suggest that ESB may have physiological potential to be used skin whitening material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T11:42:11Z","timestamp":1584704531000},"page":"832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sorghum bicolor on IBMX\u2013Induced Melanogenesis in B16\/F10 Melanoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hye Ju","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon Kyeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Yong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seul Ki","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3560-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Jin","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1895-8","article-title":"Glycine hydroxamate inhibits tyrosinase activity and melanin contents through downregulating cAMP\/PKA signaling pathways","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FO00280F","article-title":"Skin protection against UV light by dietary antioxidants","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.016","article-title":"Melanogenesis: A photoprotective response to DNA damage?","volume":"571","author":"Agar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. 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