{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:47:06Z","timestamp":1775148426801,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]],"date-time":"2020-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we aimed to determine the synergistic effects of a formula consisting of dried pomegranate concentrate powder, Eucommiae Cortex, and Achyranthis Radix 5:4:1 (g\/g) (PCP:EC:AR) in a surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA) rabbit model. PCP:EC:AR was orally administered once per day. Knee thickness, maximum extension of the knee joint, gross articular defect area, and the histopathological appearance of the cartilage were monitored, along with serum collagen type II C-telopeptide (CTX-II), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, and subchondral IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 levels. Roentgenographic images were also evaluated. PCP:EC:AR significantly inhibited the surgically induced increase in knee thickness, maximum extension of both knees, knee thickness after capsule exposure, gross femoral and tibial articular defect areas, loss of the knee joint area, serum and synovial COMP, CTX-II, and MMP expression, and synovial IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 expression. In addition, surgically induced narrowing of the knee bones, loss of the joint area, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation were reduced. PCP:EC:AR suppressed the surgically induced increases in the Mankin score, and subchondral IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 immunolabeled cell numbers. PCP:EC:AR exerted potent OA protective effects in a surgically induced OA rabbit model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T04:03:01Z","timestamp":1584936181000},"page":"852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anti-Osteoarthritic Effects of a Mixture of Dried Pomegranate Concentrate Powder, Eucommiae Cortex, and Achyranthis Radix 5:4:1 (g\/g) in a Surgically Induced Osteoarthritic Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Beom-Rak","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foodscience and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Jin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Korea"},{"name":"The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Lae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLscience Co., Ltd. Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do 16004, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-9987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sae-Kwang","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Korea"},{"name":"The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2539::AID-ART434>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Evaluation of the structure-modifying effects of diacerein in hip osteoarthritis: ECHODIAH, a three-year, placebo-controlled trial. 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