{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:36:33Z","timestamp":1790501793772,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Santander-UCM project","award":["PR26\/16-22B-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR26\/16-22B-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poor diet quality and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, have been associated with systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an available and inexpensive inflammation biomarker. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of dietary patterns and obesity with an inflammatory state. A group of 1747 Spanish noninstitutionalized older adults individuals were included, and a food-frequency questionnaire was applied. The Global Food Score (GFS) and Healthy Eating Index for Spanish population (SHEI) were calculated. Weight, height and waist (WC) and hip circumferences were measured, and BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) determined. In addition, body-fat percentage was measured by bioimpedance. NLR was calculated (NLR \u2265 p80: 2.6; 2.8 and 2.4 as inflammatory status in the entire population, men and women, respectively). The men with inflammatory status presented significative higher values of WC, WHtR, WHR, and body-fat percentage (101.82 \u00b1 10.34 cm, 0.61 \u00b1 0.06, 0.98 \u00b1 0.06, and 31.68 \u00b1 5.94%, respectively) than those with better inflammatory status (100.18 \u00b1 10.22 cm, 0.59 \u00b1 0.06, 0.97 \u00b1 0.07, and 30.31 \u00b1 6.16%, respectively). Those males with worse inflammatory state had lower scores for protein foods (OR = 0.898 (0.812\u20130.993); p = 0.037). The women with NLR \u2265 2.4 had higher WHtR and WHR (0.62 \u00b1 0.09 and 0.91 \u00b1 0.09) than those with NLR &lt; 2.4 (0.60 \u00b1 0.08 and 0.90 \u00b1 0.08). In multiple linear regression analysis, NLR was positively related with WHtR and negatively related with SHEI score (\u03b2 = 0.224 \u00b1 0.094; R2 = 0.060; p &lt; 0.05 and \u03b2 = \u22120.218 \u00b1 0.101; R2 = 0.061; p &lt; 0.05), adjusting by sex, age, marital status, education level, smoking, hours of sleeping and inflammatory diseases. In women, the higher the SHEI and GFS scores were and the better meeting the aims of cereal and vegetable servings, the less the odds of inflammatory status (OR = 0.970 (0.948\u20130.992); p = 0.008; OR = 0.963 (0.932\u20130.995); p = 0.024; OR = 0.818 (0.688\u20130.974); p = 0.024 and OR = 0.829 (0.730\u20130.942); p = 0.004, respectively). WHtR and quality of diet is related to the inflammation status in older adults regardless to the sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T07:16:08Z","timestamp":1585034168000},"page":"855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Association between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Abdominal Obesity and Healthy Eating Index in a Representative Older Spanish Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"UCM Research Group: VALORNUT-920030, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Sobaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCM Research Group: VALORNUT-920030, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3837-9450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCM Research Group: VALORNUT-920030, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8808-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Luisa","family":"Delgado-Losada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCM Research Group: VALORNUT-920030, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Psychological Processes and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ar\u00e1nzazu","family":"Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCM Research Group: VALORNUT-920030, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.596955","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Grosso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00232.x","article-title":"Scientific evidence of interventions using the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Roman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1344","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta-analysis","volume":"337","author":"Sofi","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa025039","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population","volume":"348","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580903285007","article-title":"Selected aspects of Mediterranean diet and cancer risk","volume":"61","author":"Pelucchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7018.1457","article-title":"Diet and overall survival in elderly people","volume":"311","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110001539","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet: The experience of the PREDIMED study","volume":"69","author":"Estruch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602762","article-title":"Components of the Mediterranean-type food pattern and serum inflammatory markers among patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease","volume":"62","author":"Estruch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.03.039","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet attenuates inflammation and coagulation process in healthy adults: The ATTICA Study","volume":"44","author":"Chrysohoou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.3.562","article-title":"Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"135","author":"Schulze","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.4.992","article-title":"Dietary patterns and markers of systemic inflammation among Iranian women","volume":"137","author":"Esmaillzadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syauqy, A., Hsu, C.Y., Rau, H.H., and Chao, J.C. (2018). Association of Dietary Patterns with Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwan. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020143"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.6.1489","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intakes, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Esmaillzadeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.05.001","article-title":"Effect of dietary patterns on serum C-reactive protein level","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R113","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0283","article-title":"The role of adipose tissue immune cells in obesity and low-grade inflammation","volume":"222","author":"Mraz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(03)00096-0","article-title":"Correlations of C-reactive protein levels with anthropometric profile, percentage of body fat and lipids in healthy adolescents and young adults in urban North India","volume":"168","author":"Vikram","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.593","article-title":"Measures of adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"15","author":"Menke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu464","article-title":"Obesity and osteoarthritis, more than just wear and tear: Pivotal roles for inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia in obesity-induced osteoarthritis","volume":"54","author":"Thijssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"99","article-title":"Low-grade systemic inflammation connects aging, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease","volume":"40","author":"Guarner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Top. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.04.006","article-title":"Inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes","volume":"105","author":"Esser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.10.4.493","article-title":"Portal adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Bjorntorp","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/4.1.20","article-title":"The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: A factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculous disease","volume":"4","author":"Vague","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.4.761","article-title":"Regional adiposity and morbidity","volume":"74","author":"Kissebah","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"5","article-title":"Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts--rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill","volume":"102","author":"Zahorec","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bratisl. Lek. Listy"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399","article-title":"Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Kolaczkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029613505763","article-title":"Relation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with GRACE risk score to in-hospital cardiac events in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Oncel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.054","article-title":"Which white blood cell subtypes predict increased cardiovascular risk?","volume":"45","author":"Horne","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsha.2015.07.001","article-title":"Red cell distribution width and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict left ventricular dysfunction in acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"28","author":"Karakas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Saudi Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azab, B., Camacho-Rivera, M., and Taioli, E. (2014). Average values and racial differences of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio among a nationally representative sample of United States subjects. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112361"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2012.11.008","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis del sesgo de selecci\u00f3n en el piloto de un estudio longitudinal sobre envejecimiento en Espa\u00f1a","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Laso, A., Abellan, A., Sancho, M., Pujol, R., Montorio, I., and Diaz-Veiga, P. (2014). Perceived economic situation, but not education level, is associated with disability prevalence in the Spanish elderly: Observational study. BMC Geriatr., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-60"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2020, February 01). Estudio Longitudinal Envejecer en Espa\u00f1a: Proyecto ELES. Available online: http:\/\/proyectoeles.es."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00300-2","article-title":"The Healthy Eating Index: Design and applications","volume":"95","author":"Kennedy","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Dapcich, V., Salvador-Castell, G., Ribas-Barba, L., P\u00e9rez-Rodrigo, C., Aranceta-Bartina, J., and Serra-Majen, L. (2004). Gu\u00eda de Alimentaci\u00f3n Saludable, Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Nutrici\u00f3n Comunitaria (SENC)."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"330","article-title":"Calidad de la dieta espa\u00f1ola seg\u00fan el \u00edndice de alimentaci\u00f3n saludable","volume":"26","author":"Norte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"2571","article-title":"Calidad de la dieta de la poblaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola mayor de 80 a\u00f1os no institucionalizada","volume":"31","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601989","article-title":"Healthy Eating Index and obesity","volume":"58","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2004.06.020","article-title":"Modifying the Healthy Eating Index to assess diet quality in children and adolescents","volume":"104","author":"Feskanich","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marfell-Jones, M., Olds, T., Stewart, A., and Carter, L. (2006). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment, International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203970157"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4543(21)00452-8","article-title":"Screening for nutritional status in the elderly","volume":"21","author":"Lipschitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). Waist Circumference and Waist\u2013Hip Ratio, WHO."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302009000600015","article-title":"Waist-height ratio compared to other anthropometric indicators of obesity as predictors of high coronary risk","volume":"55","author":"Haun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 1992"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SEEDO (2000). Consenso SEEDO\u20192000 para la evaluaci\u00f3n del sobrepeso y la obesidad y el establecimiento de criterios de intervenci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica. Med. Clin. Barc., 115, 587\u2013597.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(00)71632-0"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1157","article-title":"Dietary fat intake does affect obesity!","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/84.3.297","article-title":"Evaluation of the Coulter Counter model S-Plus IV","volume":"84","author":"Cox","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1994","article-title":"Genetic deficiency and pharmacological stabilization of mast cells reduce diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2011.03.002","article-title":"Immune cells in adipose tissue: Key players in metabolic disorders","volume":"37","author":"Lolmede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02125-5","article-title":"White blood cells 1: Non-malignant disorders","volume":"355","author":"Stock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-5-2","article-title":"Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio as a measure of systemic inflammation in prevalent chronic diseases in Asian population","volume":"5","author":"Imtiaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2013.03.010","article-title":"The systemic inflammation-based neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio: Experience in patients with cancer","volume":"88","author":"Guthrie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.456","article-title":"Stage-dependent alterations of the serum cytokine pattern in colorectal carcinoma","volume":"107","author":"Kantola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15206","article-title":"Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio As a Risk Stratification Tool for Older Adults with Pneumonia","volume":"66","author":"Karakonstantis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.12.159","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular diseases: A review","volume":"11","author":"Bhat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029615569568","article-title":"The Relation Between Atherosclerosis and the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio","volume":"22","author":"Balta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7384193","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7384193","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Mediterranean Diet, and Bone Health in Coeliac Disease Patients: A Pilot Study","volume":"2019","author":"Palmacci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"8","article-title":"Does the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio have any importance between subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with obesity and without obesity?","volume":"66","author":"Bozkus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tuberk. Toraks"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.09.039","article-title":"Utility of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting long-term outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"107","author":"Uthamalingam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1814-0","article-title":"Usefulness of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting short- and long-term mortality in breast cancer patients","volume":"19","author":"Azab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.11.004","article-title":"Usefulness of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting long-term mortality in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"101","author":"Nunez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000127412","article-title":"The baseline ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes is associated with patient prognosis in advanced gastric cancer","volume":"73","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.05.028","article-title":"Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent predictor of recurrence in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"184","author":"Ohno","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.08.041","article-title":"Preoperative hematologic markers as independent predictors of prognosis in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Neutrophil-lymphocyte versus platelet-lymphocyte ratio","volume":"200","author":"Bhatti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-1052-0","article-title":"Elevated preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts risk of recurrence following curative resection for stage IIA colon cancer","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"640","article-title":"The association of pre-treatment peripheral blood markers with survival in patients with pancreatic cancer","volume":"57","author":"Aliustaoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-0267-6","article-title":"Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with systemic chemotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Kishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181a77e59","article-title":"Negative impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"250","author":"Halazun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svensson, E., Mor, A., Rungby, J., Berencsi, K., Nielsen, J.S., Stidsen, J.V., Friborg, S., Brandslund, I., Christiansen, J.S., and Beck-Nielsen, H. (2014). Lifestyle and clinical factors associated with elevated C-reactive protein among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study from the nationwide DD2 cohort. BMC Endocr. Disord., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-74"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Wei, Y., Lan, Y., Zuo, J., Hou, X., and Hou, W. (2019). Individual and joint association of bioavailable testosterone and aging with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men. Aging Clin. Exp. Res.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01333-0"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.009","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines, aging, and age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Michaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.073","article-title":"The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: A meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals","volume":"57","author":"Kastorini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sureda, A., Bibiloni, M.D.M., Julibert, A., Bouzas, C., Argelich, E., Llompart, I., Pons, A., and Tur, J.A. (2018). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Inflammatory Markers. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010062"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0035-y","article-title":"Sex differences in the impact of the Mediterranean diet on systemic inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Bedard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.4048","article-title":"Green tea catechins improve human forearm vascular function and have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in smokers","volume":"49","author":"Oyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.5.502","article-title":"Effect of a high-fiber diet vs a fiber-supplemented diet on C-reactive protein level","volume":"167","author":"King","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.4.753","article-title":"Serum C-reactive protein concentrations are inversely associated with dietary flavonoid intake in U.S. adults","volume":"138","author":"Chun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.68.119","article-title":"A hydroxyl group of flavonoids affects oral anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha production","volume":"68","author":"Ueda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.8.1911","article-title":"Grape polyphenols exert a cardioprotective effect in pre- and postmenopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress","volume":"135","author":"Zern","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.088120","article-title":"Whole-grain wheat consumption reduces inflammation in a randomized controlled trial on overweight and obese subjects with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors: Role of polyphenols bound to cereal dietary fiber","volume":"101","author":"Vitaglione","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021808","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021808","article-title":"Place cells, grid cells, and memory","volume":"7","author":"Moser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"263","article-title":"Food consumption and risk of malnutrition in community-dwelling very old Spanish adults (\u2265 80 years)","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Food habits and nutritional status of elderly people living in a Spanish Mediterranean city","volume":"26","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nzz019","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz019","article-title":"Dietary Protein and Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort","volume":"3","author":"Hruby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03833.x","article-title":"Protein intake and muscle strength in older persons: Does inflammation matter?","volume":"60","author":"Bartali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terrazas, S., Brashear, L., Escoto, A.K., Lynch, S., Slaughter, D., Xavier, N., Estes II, N.R., and Giordano-Mooga, S. (2019). Sex Differences in Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Translational Studies on Inflammation, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.84941"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"2352","article-title":"Inflammation and obesity (lipoinflammation)","volume":"31","author":"Izaola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12556","article-title":"Peri-implant parameters and C-reactive protein levels among patients with different obesity levels","volume":"20","author":"Vohra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavela, G., Kim, Y.I., and Salvy, S.J. (2018). Additive effects of obesity and loneliness on C-reactive protein. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206092"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2019.89608","article-title":"Changes in leukocyte profile and C-reactive protein concentration in overweight and obese adolescents after reduction of body weight","volume":"44","author":"Ruminska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"e4955","article-title":"Association Between Obesity, White Blood Cell and Platelet Count","volume":"19","author":"Jamshidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02658.x","article-title":"Association between white blood cell count and components of metabolic syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.2014.902309","article-title":"Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as an important assessment tool","volume":"12","author":"Balta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"1300","article-title":"How obesity affects the neutrophil\/lymphocyte and platelet\/lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammatory index and platelet indices: A retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Furuncuoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2014.09.002","article-title":"Association of obesity with leukocyte count in obese individuals without metabolic syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Ryder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e227","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9113","article-title":"Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a New 44-Item Diet and Food Frequency Questionnaire Among Adults: Online Assessment","volume":"20","author":"Affret","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/3\/855\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:10:46Z","timestamp":1760173846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/3\/855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12030855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12030855","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]}}}