{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T20:01:39Z","timestamp":1760731299006,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Finnish Medical Foundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Paulo Foundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Foundation for Pediatric Research","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Area of Tampere University Hospital","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Risk of celiac disease (CD) is increased in relatives of CD patients due to genetic and possible environmental factors. We recently reported increased seropositivity to anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), Pseudomonas fluorescens-associated sequence (anti-I2) and Bacteroides caccae TonB-linked outer membrane protein (anti-OmpW) antibodies in CD. We hypothesized these markers also to be overrepresented in relatives. Seropositivity and levels of ASCA, anti-I2 and anti-OmpW were compared between 463 first-degree relatives, 58 untreated and 55 treated CD patients, and 80 controls. CD-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haplotypes and transglutaminase (tTGab) and endomysium (EmA) antibodies were determined. One or more of the microbial antibodies was present in 75% of relatives, 97% of untreated and 87% of treated CD patients and 44% of the controls. The relatives had higher median ASCA IgA (9.13 vs. 4.50 U\/mL, p &lt; 0.001), ASCA IgG (8.91 vs. 5.75 U\/mL, p &lt; 0.001) and anti-I2 (absorbance 0.74 vs. 0.32, p &lt; 0.001) levels than controls. There was a weak, positive correlation between tTGab and ASCA (r = 0.31, p &lt; 0.001). Seropositivity was not significantly associated with HLA. To conclude, seropositivity to microbial markers was more common and ASCA and anti-I2 levels higher in relatives of CD patients than controls. These findings were not associated with HLA, suggesting the role of other genetic and environmental factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1586774512000},"page":"1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["First-degree Relatives of Celiac Disease Patients Have Increased Seroreactivity to Serum Microbial Markers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liisa","family":"Viitasalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child Health Research and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Iltanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child Health Research and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Lapland Central Hospital, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Saavalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program Unit, Immunobiology, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Kaukinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katri","family":"Lindfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Kurppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child Health Research and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sein\u00e4joki University Hospital and the University Consortium of Sein\u00e4joki, FI-60320 Sein\u00e4joki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03133.x","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of HLA-DQ typing in patients with previous coeliac disease diagnosis based on histology alone","volume":"24","author":"Kapitany","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000450392.23156.10","article-title":"Celiac disease genetics: Past, present and future challenges","volume":"59","author":"Wijmenga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.998","article-title":"Dense genotyping identifies and localizes multiple common and rare variant association signals in celiac disease","volume":"43","author":"Trynka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.87","article-title":"Common polygenic variation in coeliac disease and confirmation of ZNF335 and NIFA as disease susceptibility loci","volume":"24","author":"Coleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.296","article-title":"Risk of celiac Disease in the first- and second-degree relatives of patients with celiac disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03502.x","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease over time","volume":"26","author":"Lohi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021687","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease among children in Finland","volume":"348","author":"Mustalahti","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00172.x","article-title":"Concordance of dermatitis herpetiformis and celiac disease in monozygous twins","volume":"115","author":"Hervonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311713","article-title":"Heritability of non-HLA genetics in coeliac disease: A population-based study in 107,000 twins","volume":"65","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890701678689","article-title":"Lower economic status and inferior hygienic environment may protect against celiac disease","volume":"40","author":"Kondrashova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.059","article-title":"Increased prevalence and mortality in undiagnosed celiac disease","volume":"137","author":"Kyle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.514285","article-title":"Natural history of celiac disease autoimmunity in a USA cohort followed since 1974","volume":"42","author":"Catassi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47410-0","article-title":"Imbalance in the composition of the duodenal microbiota of children with coeliac disease","volume":"56","author":"Nadal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Palma, G., Nadal, I., Medina, M., Donat, E., Ribes-Koninckx, C., Calabuig, M., and Sanz, Y. (2010). Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children. BMC Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-63"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.061366","article-title":"Specific duodenal and faecal bacterial groups associated with paediatric coeliac disease","volume":"62","author":"Collado","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000218765.84087.42","article-title":"Elevated serum anti-I2 and anti-OmpW antibody levels in children with IBD","volume":"12","author":"Iltanen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20535","article-title":"Fecal calprotectin levels and serological responses to microbial antigens among children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"15","author":"Ashorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35379","article-title":"Selected loss of tolerance evidenced by Crohn\u2019s disease-associated immune responses to auto- and microbial antigens","volume":"123","author":"Landers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9200-9","article-title":"Elevated serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, anti-I2 and anti-OmpW antibody levels in patients with suspicion of celiac disease","volume":"28","author":"Ashorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9255-7","article-title":"Serological responses to microbial antigens in celiac disease patients during a gluten-free diet","volume":"29","author":"Ashorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000089","article-title":"Early microbial markers of celiac disease","volume":"48","author":"Viitasalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.6.776","article-title":"Endomysium antibodies in coeliac disease: An improved method","volume":"35","author":"Ladinser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-5-200709040-00003","article-title":"Accuracy of serologic tests and HLA-DQ typing for diagnosing celiac disease","volume":"147","author":"Hadithi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monsuur, A.J., de Bakker, P.I., Zhernakova, A., Pinto, D., Verduijn, W., Romanos, J., Auricchio, R., Lopez, A., van Heel, D.A., and Crusius, J.B. (2008). Effective detection of human leukocyte antigen risk alleles in celiac disease using tag single nucleotide polymorphisms. PLoS ONE, 28.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002270"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-009-0361-3","article-title":"Cost-effective HLA typing with tagging SNPs predicts celiac disease risk haplotypes in the Finnish, Hungarian, and Italian populations","volume":"61","author":"Koskinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.8519","article-title":"Identification of a novel bacterial sequence associated with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"119","author":"Sutton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6044-6054.2001","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a bacteroides caccae TonB-linked outer membrane protein identified by an inflammatory bowel disease marker antibody","volume":"69","author":"Wei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181bea0d4","article-title":"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in first-degree relatives of celiac disease patients","volume":"44","author":"Nisihara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.013","article-title":"Distinct and synergistic contributions of epithelial stress and adaptive immunity to functions of intraepithelial killer cells and active celiac disease","volume":"149","author":"Setty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i1.96","article-title":"HLA-DQ: Celiac disease vs inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Minguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw021","article-title":"Concordance in anti-OmpC and anti-I2 indicate the influence of genetic predisposition: Results of a European study of twins with crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Amcoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Crohns. Colitis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.066860","article-title":"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in twins with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"54","author":"Halfvarson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.09.030","article-title":"Effects of gluten intake on risk of celiac disease: A case-control study on a Swedish birth cohort","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10329","article-title":"Association of gluten intake during the first 5 years of life with incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among children at increased risk","volume":"322","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.033","article-title":"Factors that increase risk of celiac disease autoimmunity after a gastrointestinal infection in early life","volume":"15","author":"Kemppainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l231","article-title":"Enterovirus as trigger of coeliac disease: Nested case-control study within prospective birth cohort","volume":"364","author":"Kahrs","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00741.x","article-title":"Rotavirus infection frequency and risk of celiac disease autoimmunity in early childhood: A longitudinal study","volume":"101","author":"Stene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.287","article-title":"Infections and risk of celiac disease in childhood: A prospective nationwide cohort study","volume":"110","author":"Marild","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2905","article-title":"Association between early-life antibiotic use and the risk of islet or celiac disease autoimmunity","volume":"171","author":"Kemppainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.039","article-title":"Association between antibiotics in the first year of life and celiac disease","volume":"156","author":"Sander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2733-7","article-title":"Pathogen-specific risk of celiac disease following bacterial causes of foodborne illness: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"58","author":"Riddle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.111","article-title":"The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: The role of pathogens and commensals","volume":"18","author":"Bach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.90","article-title":"Novel players in coeliac disease pathogenesis: Role of the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Verdu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2012.07.003","article-title":"Pathophysiology of celiac disease","volume":"22","author":"Kupfer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.12.006","article-title":"Celiac disease: Role of the epithelial barrier","volume":"3","author":"Schumann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318241cfa8","article-title":"Expression of microbiota, Toll-like receptors, and their regulators in the small intestinal mucosa in celiac disease","volume":"54","author":"Satokari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-019-0353-4","article-title":"T cell receptor cross-reactivity between gliadin and bacterial peptides in celiac disease","volume":"27","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres, J., Petralia, F., Sato, T., Wang, P., Telesco, S.E., Choung, R.S., Strauss, R., Li, X.J., Laird, R.M., and Gutierrez, R.L. (2020). Serum biomarkers identify patients who will develop inflammatory bowel diseases up to 5 y before diagnosis. Gastroenterology, (in press).","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.007"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20228","article-title":"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies (ASCA) of Crohn\u2019s patients crossreact with mannan from other yeast strains, and murine ASCA IgM can be experimentally induced with Candida albicans","volume":"13","author":"Schaffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i2.292","article-title":"Correlation between Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA in intestinal mucosal samples and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in serum of patients with IBD","volume":"12","author":"Mooij","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5285-z","article-title":"Microbial Biomarkers in Patients with Nonresponsive Celiac Disease","volume":"63","author":"Viitasalo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.155","article-title":"Predictors and significance of incomplete mucosal recovery in celiac disease after 1 year on a gluten-free diet","volume":"110","author":"Pekki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11772","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011772","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of serological biomarkers in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: A case-control study","volume":"97","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/4\/1073\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:21:03Z","timestamp":1760361663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/4\/1073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12041073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12041073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6643"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]}}}