{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:22:35Z","timestamp":1792815755196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently associated with celiac disease (CD) and nonceliac gluten\/wheat sensitivity (NCGS\/NCWS), but epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects are still unclear. Furthermore, a gluten-free diet (GFD) can positively influence IBS symptoms. Methods: A comprehensive online search for IBS related to CD, NCGS and GFD was made using the Pubmed, Medline and Cochrane databases. Results: Although a systematic screening for CD in IBS is not recommended, CD prevalence can be increased in diarrhea-predominant IBS patients. On the other hand, IBS symptoms can be persistent in treated CD patients, and their prevalence tends to decrease on a GFD. IBS symptoms may overlap and be similar to those associated to nonceliac gluten and\/or wheat sensitivity. Increased gut permeability could explain the gluten\/wheat effects in IBS patients. Finally, a GFD could improve symptoms in a subgroup of IBS patients. Conclusions: The possible interplay between IBS and gluten-related disorders represents a scientifically and clinically challenging issue. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and better clarify the involved pathophysiological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T03:23:06Z","timestamp":1587439386000},"page":"1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Gluten-Related Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Usai-Satta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Brotzu Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0237-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrio","family":"Bassotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6387-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56010 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Oppia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Brotzu Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariantonia","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cabras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Brotzu Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1607547","article-title":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"376","author":"Ford","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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