{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:14:43Z","timestamp":1791360883733,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sooft Italia SpA","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is indication that nutritional supplements protect retinal cells from degeneration. In a previous study, we demonstrated that dietary supplementation with an association of forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract and B vitamins efficiently counteracts retinal dysfunction associated with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death caused by optic nerve crush. We extended our investigation on the efficacy of dietary supplementation with the use of a mouse model in which RGC degeneration depends as closely as possible on intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. In this model, injecting the anterior chamber of the eye with methylcellulose (MCE) causes IOP elevation leading to RGC dysfunction. The MCE model was characterized in terms of IOP elevation, retinal dysfunction as determined by electrophysiological recordings, RGC loss as determined by brain-specific homeobox\/POU domain protein 3A immunoreactivity and dysregulated levels of inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Except for IOP elevation, dysfunctional retinal parameters were all recovered by dietary supplementation indicating the involvement of non-IOP-related neuroprotective mechanisms of action. Our hypothesis is that the diet supplement may be used to counteract the inflammatory processes triggered by glial cell activation, thus leading to spared RGC loss and the preservation of visual dysfunction. In this respect, the present compound may be viewed as a potential remedy to be added to the currently approved drug therapies for improving RGC protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T10:46:22Z","timestamp":1587638782000},"page":"1189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["RETRACTED: A Dietary Combination of Forskolin with Homotaurine, Spearmint and B Vitamins Protects Injured Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Rodent Model of Hypertensive Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Cammalleri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood \u201cNutraceuticals and Food for Health\u201d, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5181-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Dal Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood \u201cNutraceuticals and Food for Health\u201d, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Bagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9577-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Rusciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sooft Research Center, Viale Andrea Doria, 21, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yap, T.E., Donna, P., Almonte, M.T., and Cordeiro, M.F. (2018). Real-time imaging of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7060060"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666171206144045","article-title":"Glaucoma and Alzheimer disease: One age-related neurodegenerative disease of the brain","volume":"16","author":"Mancino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S239329","article-title":"Intraocular pressure calculation in myopic patients after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis","volume":"14","author":"Helmy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.07.002","article-title":"Axon injury signaling and compartmentalized injury response in glaucoma","volume":"73","author":"Libby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.01.002","article-title":"BAX to basics: How the BCL2 gene family controls the death of retinal ganglion cells","volume":"57","author":"Maes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000500527","article-title":"Ophthalmic research lecture 2018: DARC as a potential surrogate marker","volume":"63","author":"Yap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S226319","article-title":"Ganglion cell complex analysis in glaucoma patients: What can it tell us?","volume":"12","author":"Scuderi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2018.27.1.16","article-title":"Functional analysis and immunochemical analyses of Ca2+ homeostasis-related proteins expression of glaucoma-induced retinal degeneration in rats","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.12.006","article-title":"Neuronal apoptosis, axon damage and synapse loss occur synchronously in acute ocular hypertension","volume":"180","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2019.1653279","article-title":"Novel therapies for glaucoma: A patent review (2013\u20132019)","volume":"29","author":"Guglielmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evangelho, K., Mastronardi, C.A., and de-la-Torre, A. (2019). Experimental models of glaucoma: A powerful translational tool for the future development of new therapies for glaucoma in humans\u2014A review of the literature. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55060280"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117303","article-title":"Bio-tactics for neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in the treatment of glaucoma","volume":"243","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-102016-061422","article-title":"Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Animal models and clinical trials","volume":"3","author":"Almasieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.09.026","article-title":"A randomized trial of brimonidine versus timolol in preserving visual function: Results from the low-pressure glaucoma treatment study","volume":"151","author":"Krupin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666171109124520","article-title":"Rational basis for nutraceuticals in the treatment of glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Morrone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"4320408","article-title":"Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Old and new promising treatments","volume":"2017","author":"Rusciano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.021","article-title":"Protection of injured retinal ganglion cell dendrites and unfolded protein response resolution after long-term dietary resveratrol","volume":"36","author":"Lindsey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inman, D.M., Lambert, W.S., Calkins, D.J., and Horner, P.J. (2013). \u03b1-Lipoic acid antioxidant treatment limits glaucoma-related retinal ganglion cell death and dysfunction. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065389"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.09.005","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation in the treatment of glaucoma: A systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Loskutova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Locri, F., Cammalleri, M., Dal Monte, M., Rusciano, D., and Bagnoli, P. (2019). Protective efficacy of a dietary supplement based on forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract, and group B vitamins in a mouse model of optic nerve injury. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122931"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkozi, H.A., Navarro, G., Franco, R., and Pintor, J. (2019). Melatonin and the control of intraocular pressure. Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 100798.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100798"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717724793","article-title":"Methods to induce chronic ocular hypertension: Reliable rodent models as a platform for cell transplantation and other therapies","volume":"27","author":"Dey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1992.tb00944.x","article-title":"Development of experimental chronic intraocular hypertension in the rabbit","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Walker, M.H. (2015). Oral administration of forskolin decreases retinal damage after experimental induction of ocular hypertension in the rat. Forskolin\u2014Sources, Mechanisms of Action and Health Effects, Novinka."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4728","article-title":"Establishment of an experimental glaucoma animal model: A comparison of microbead injection with or without hydroxypropyl methylcellulose","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.21767\/2171-6625.100093","article-title":"The multi regulatory role of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor Brn-3a","volume":"7","author":"Haider","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","article-title":"Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited","volume":"22","author":"Nihal","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0781","article-title":"Noninvasive measurement of rodent intraocular pressure with a rebound tonometer","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dal Monte, M., Cammalleri, M., Pezzino, S., Corsaro, R., Pescosolido, N., Bagnoli, P., and Rusciano, D. (2020). Hypotensive effect of nanomicellar formulation of melatonin and agomelatine in a rat model: Significance for glaucoma therapy. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10030138"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.03.006","article-title":"An acute intraocular pressure challenge to assess retinal ganglion cell injury and recovery in the mouse","volume":"141","author":"Crowston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, H., Lathrop, K.L., Yang, E., Sun, M., Kagemann, L., Fu, V., Stolz, D.B., Schuman, J.S., and Du, Y. (2014). A laser-induced mouse model with long-term intraocular pressure elevation. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107446"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12415","article-title":"The photopic negative response of the mouse electroretinogram: Reduction by acute elevation of intraocular pressure","volume":"54","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.09.011","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of retinal ganglion cell populations via histology-based random forest classification","volume":"146","author":"Christopher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parsadaniantz, S.M., Goazigo, A.R., Sapienza, A., Habas, C., and Baudouin, C. (2020). Glaucoma: A degenerative optic neuropathy related to neuroinflammation?. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030535"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukai, R., Park, D.H., Okunuki, Y., Hasegawa, E., Klokman, G., Kim, C.B., Krishnan, A., Gregory-Ksander, M., Husain, D., and Miller, J.W. (2019). Mouse model of ocular hypertension with retinal ganglion cell degeneration. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208713"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"718","article-title":"Intravitreal injection of forskolin, homotaurine, and L-carnosine affords neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells following retinal ischemic injury","volume":"21","author":"Russo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17032","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2017.32","article-title":"Caspases in retinal ganglion cell death and axon regeneration","volume":"3","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1","article-title":"The neurosteroid allopregnanolone protects retinal neurons by effects on autophagy and GABRs\/GABAA receptors in rat glaucoma models","volume":"27","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1576-3","article-title":"A small peptide antagonist of the Fas receptor inhibits neuroinflammation and prevents axon degeneration and retinal ganglion cell death in an inducible mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Krishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmz020","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS-31 mediates neuroprotection in a rat experimental glaucoma model","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4564","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0483","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of retinal ganglion cell function and IOP in the DBA\/2J mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"48","author":"Saleh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.03.019","article-title":"Comparative analysis of retinal ganglion cell damage in three glaucomatous rat models","volume":"172","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-017-9595-9","article-title":"Ganglion cell loss in early glaucoma, as assessed by photopic negative response, pattern electroretinogram, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"135","author":"Cvenkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0161","article-title":"The relationship between retinal ganglion cell function and retinal nerve fiber thickness in early glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Ventura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlamp, C.L., Li, Y., Dietz, J.A., Janssen, K.T., and Nickells, R.W. (2006). Progressive ganglion cell loss and optic nerve degeneration in DBA\/2J mice is variable and asymmetric. BMC Neurosci., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-7-66"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, N., Young, B.K., Wang, P., and Tian, N. (2020). The susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells to optic nerve injury is type specific. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030677"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.245465","article-title":"Neuroinflammation as a target for glaucoma therapy","volume":"14","author":"Adornetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"4863","article-title":"Caffeic acid phenethyl ester attenuates nuclear factor-\u03baB-mediated inflammatory responses in M\u00fcller cells and protects against retinal ganglion cell death","volume":"19","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1327605","article-title":"Characteristic profiles of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes","volume":"26","author":"Kokubun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2012.09.013","article-title":"Immune regulation toward immunomodulation for neuroprotection in glaucoma","volume":"13","author":"Tezel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0480-9","article-title":"Autophagy and disease: Unanswered questions","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.08.016","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, nutrition, hypoxia and diseases: Problems solved?","volume":"6","author":"Dimova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06969-4","article-title":"The neuroprotective effect of hesperidin in NMDA-induced retinal injury acts by suppressing oxidative stress and excessive calpain activation","volume":"7","author":"Maekawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9467","article-title":"Preservation of retina ganglion cell function by morphine in a chronic ocular-hypertensive rat model","volume":"53","author":"Husain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Oral administration of forskolin and rutin contributes to reduce intraocular pressure and improve PERG (Pattern Electroretinogram) amplitude in glaucomatous patients","volume":"2","author":"Sisto","year":"2014","journal-title":"JSM Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2012.0021","article-title":"Oral administration of forskolin and rutin contributes to intraocular pressure control in primary open angle glaucoma patients under maximum tolerated medical therapy","volume":"28","author":"Vetrugno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2015.0121","article-title":"Oral administration of forskolin, homotaurine, carnosine, and folic acid in patients with primary open angle glaucoma: Changes in intraocular pressure, pattern electroretinogram amplitude, and foveal sensitivity","volume":"32","author":"Mutolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3168-y","article-title":"The effect of flavonoids on visual function in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"253","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825703","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2825703","article-title":"Cytoprotective effects of citicoline and homotaurine against glutamate and high glucose neurotoxicity in primary cultured retinal cells","volume":"2017","author":"Davinelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.04.010","article-title":"Tramiprosate protects neurons against ischemic stroke by disrupting the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170705101910","article-title":"Strategies to reduce oxidative stress in glaucoma patients","volume":"16","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0249-5","article-title":"Sulbutiamine counteracts trophic factor deprivation induced apoptotic cell death in transformed retinal ganglion cells","volume":"35","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-012-9672-z","article-title":"Nutrient intake and risk of open-angle glaucoma: The rotterdam study","volume":"27","author":"Ramdas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.08.016","article-title":"Ubiquinol promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and blocks the apoptotic pathway in ischemic retinal degeneration","volume":"503","author":"Ju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.06.002","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma","volume":"600","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"2819","article-title":"Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of ghrelin in an experimental glaucoma model","volume":"9","author":"Can","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.11.005","article-title":"All roads lead to glaucoma: Induced retinal injury cascades contribute to a common neurodegenerative outcome","volume":"183","author":"Alqawlaq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45510-7","article-title":"An in vitro pressure model towards studying the response of primary retinal ganglion cells to elevated hydrostatic pressures","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.08.006","article-title":"Evaluating retinal ganglion cell loss and dysfunction","volume":"151","author":"Mead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00672","article-title":"Quercetin enhances inhibitory synaptic inputs and reduces excitatory synaptic inputs to OFF- and ON-type retinal ganglion cells in a chronic glaucoma rat model","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal0092","article-title":"Vitamin B3 modulates mitochondrial vulnerability and prevents glaucoma in aged mice","volume":"355","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.11.008","article-title":"Integrative properties of retinal ganglion cell electrical responsiveness depend on neurotrophic support and genotype in the mouse","volume":"145","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10741","article-title":"Delta-opioid agonist SNC-121 protects retinal ganglion cell function in a chronic ocular hypertensive rat model","volume":"54","author":"Abdul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/nu18132154","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000}}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/4\/1189\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:38:02Z","timestamp":1783067882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/4\/1189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu12041189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12041189","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]}}}