{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:29:53Z","timestamp":1772252993212,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dry mouth, hyposalivation, or xerostomia is a significant problem in diabetic patients; however, there has been no way to relieve these symptoms. This study\u2019s aim was to evaluate the effects of Ixeris dentata (IXD) in combination with lactobacillus extract on the salivation rate in diabetes-induced dry mouth, and its mechanism was also investigated. In the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model, the dry mouth condition was established as a model. Here, rats were treated with water or IXD through the sublingual spray, and subsequently treated with or without a spray of lactobacillus extract. In diabetes condition, the salivary flow rate, amylase activity, and aquaporin-5 and Na+\/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) expressions were markedly decreased, whereas they were more significantly recovered in the sequential treatment of IXD-lactobacillus extract than in each single treatment. Furthermore, oxidative stress and its related ER stress response were especially regulated in the IXD\/lactobacillus extract condition, where the following anti-oxidative enzymes, glutathione assay (GSH: GSSG) ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were involved. This study suggests that the combination of IXD and lactobacillus would be a potential alternative medicine against diabetes-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T03:45:20Z","timestamp":1588909520000},"page":"1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ixeris dentata and Lactobacillus gasseri Extracts Improve Salivary Secretion Capability in Diabetes-Associated Dry Mouth Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hwa-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-180, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingkun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi  17058, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6172-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhua","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo-Won","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4190-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-Jung","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-180, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e586","article-title":"Oral manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus. 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