{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:56:46Z","timestamp":1784915806416,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutraceuticals are defined as a food, or parts of a food, that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention of different pathological conditions, and thyroid diseases, or the treatment of them. Nutraceuticals have a place in complementary medicines, being positioned in an area among food, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals. The market of certain nutraceuticals such as thyroid supplements has been growing in the last years. In addition, iodine is a fundamental micronutrient for thyroid function, but also other dietary components can have a key role in clinical thyroidology. Here, we have summarized the in vitro, and in vivo animal studies present in literature, focusing on the commonest nutraceuticals generally encountered in the clinical practice (such as carnitine, flavonoids, melatonin, omega-3, resveratrol, selenium, vitamins, zinc, and inositol), highlighting conflicting results. These experimental studies are expected to improve clinicians\u2019 knowledge about the main supplements being used, in order to clarify the potential risks or side effects and support patients in their use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T11:26:00Z","timestamp":1588937160000},"page":"1337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Nutraceuticals in Thyroidology: A Review of in Vitro, and in Vivo Animal Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Benvenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women\u2019s Endocrine Health, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Program of Molecular &amp; Clinical Endocrinology, and Women\u2019s Endocrine Health, University Hospital, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Martina","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Patrizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina Rosaria","family":"Paparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Camastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Bonofiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5211-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poupak","family":"Fallahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benvenga, S., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Bonofiglio, D., and Asamoah, E. 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