{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:55:56Z","timestamp":1791370556891,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the 1980s, medicinal effects have been documented in scientific studies with the related Basidiomycota mushrooms Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE) and Grifola frondosa (GF) from Brazilian and Eastern traditional medicine. Special focus has been on their antitumor effects, but the mushrooms\u2019 anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties have also been investigated. The antitumor mechanisms were either direct tumor attack, e.g., apoptosis and metastatic suppression, or indirect defense, e.g., inhibited tumor neovascularization and T helper cell (Th) 1 immune response. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms were a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and changed gut microbiota, and the antiallergic mechanism was amelioration of a skewed Th1\/Th2 balance. Since a predominant Th2 milieu is also found in cancer, which quite often is caused by a local chronic inflammation, the three conditions\u2014tumor, inflammation and allergy\u2014seem to be linked. Further mechanisms for HE were increased nerve and beneficial gut microbiota growth, and oxidative stress regulation. The medicinal mushrooms AbM, HE and GF appear to be safe, and can, in fact, increase longevity in animal models, possibly due to reduced tumorigenesis and oxidation. This article reviews preclinical and clinical findings with these mushrooms and the mechanisms behind them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T11:26:00Z","timestamp":1588937160000},"page":"1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of Agaricus blazei Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifola frondosa: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1272-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geir","family":"Hetland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon-Magnus","family":"Tangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National CBRNE Medical Advisory Centre, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway;<email>uxjmta@ous-hf.no<\/email>"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Mirlashari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise Sofie Haug","family":"Nissen-Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Nentwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7104-0403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stig Palm","family":"Therkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, 3103 T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir Erland","family":"Tj\u00f8nnfjord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egil","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem007","article-title":"The Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill: Review of Literature and Pharmaco-Toxicological Problems","volume":"5","author":"Firenzuoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evid. 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